ArticleEuropean journal of pediatrics2023
Reference values of diaphragmatic dimensions in healthy children aged 0-8 years.
Article in European journal of pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04589910 (What Are Reference Values of the Thickness and the Thickening Fraction of the Diaphragm in Children Aged 0-8 Years?), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
What Are Reference Values of the Thickness and the Thickening Fraction of the Diaphragm in Children Aged 0-8 Years?
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diaphragmatic Ultrasonography as a Predictor of Extubation Success in Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pediatric pulmonology · 2026Pooled it
- Handheld lung ultrasound for assessing cystic fibrosis lung disease in children: a diaphragm-ıntegrated scoring approach.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Ultrasound assessment of diaphragm thickness and related determinants in healthy female adolescents: a retrospective study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Combined diaphragm and lung ultrasound profiling in healthy full-term neonates: a study of early postnatal function.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Reliability and reference values for diaphragmatic excursion, thickness, and thickening fraction and quadriceps femoris muscle thickness in full-term newborns evaluated by ultrasound.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Observational
- Diaphragm Ultrasound in Different Clinical Scenarios: A Review with a Focus on Older Patients.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Ultrasound assessment of diaphragm thickness, contractility, and strain in healthy pediatric patients.Pediatric pulmonology · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diaphragmatic thickness (Tdi) and diaphragm thickening fraction (dTF) are widely used parameters in ultrasound studies of the diaphragm in mechanically ventilated children, but normal values for healthy children are scarce. We determined reference values of Tdi and dTF using ultrasound in healthy children aged 0-8 years old and assessed their reproducibility. In a prospective, observational cohort, Tdi and dTF were measured on ultrasound images across four age groups comprising at least 30 children per group: group 1 (0-6 months), group 2 (7 months-1 year), group 3 (2-4 years) and group 4 (5-8 years). Ultrasound images of 137 healthy children were included. Mean Tdi at inspiration was 2.07 (SD 0.40), 2.09 (SD 0.40), 1.69 (SD 0.30) and 1.72 (SD 0.30) mm for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Mean Tdi at expiration was 1.64 (SD 0.30), 1.67 (SD 0.30), 1.38 (SD 0.20) and 1.42 (SD 0.20) mm for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Mean Tdi at inspiration and mean Tdi at expiration for groups 1 and 2 were significantly greater than those for groups 3 and 4 (both p < 0.001). Mean dTF was 25.4% (SD 10.4), 25.2% (SD 8.3), 22.8% (SD 10.9) and 21.3% (SD 7.1) for group 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) representing the level of inter-rater reliability between two examiners performing the ultrasounds was 0.996 (95% CI 0.982-0.999). ICC of the inter-rater reliability between the raters in 11 paired assessments was 0.989 (95% CI 0.973-0.995). Conclusion: Ultrasound measurements of Tdi and dTF were highly reproducible in healthy children aged 0-8 years. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT04589910. What is Known: • Diaphragmatic thickness and diaphragm thickening fraction are widely used parameters in ultrasound studies of the diaphragm in mechanically ventilated children, but normal values for healthy children to compare these with are scarce. What is New: • We determined normal values of diaphragmatic thickness and diaphragm thickening fraction using ultrasound in 137 healthy children aged 0-8 years old. The diaphragmatic thickness of infants up to 1 year old was significantly greater than that of children from 2 to 8 years old. Diaphragmatic thickness decreased with an increase in body surface area. These normal values in healthy children can be used to assess changes in respiratory muscle thickness in mechanically ventilated children.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.