ArticlePhenomics (Cham, Switzerland)2021
Causal Relationship Between Complement C3, C4, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis.
Article in Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of complement components with the risk and severity of NAFLD: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Signatures of proteomics and glycoproteomics revealed liraglutide ameliorates MASLD by regulating specific metabolic homeostasis in mice.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Article
- Integrated plasma and vegetation proteomic characterization of infective endocarditis for early diagnosis and treatment.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Research progress on the roles of complement in liver injury.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Metal Mixtures and Serum C3, C4: Result from the Manganese‑exposed Workers Healthy Cohort.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Reply to correspondence on "Protein-centric omics analysis reveals circulating complements linked to non-viral liver diseases as potential therapeutic targets".Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2024Article
- Characteristics of changes in plasma proteome profiling after sleeve gastrectomy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The complement system is activated during the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between serum C3 and C4 levels and NAFLD. After exclusion criteria, a total of 1600 Chinese Han men from the Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey cohort were enrolled in cross-sectional analysis, while 572 participants were included in the longitudinal analysis (average follow-up of 4 years). We performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using two C3-related, eight C4-related and three NAFLD-related gene loci as instrumental variables to evaluate the causal associations between C3, C4, and NAFLD risk in cross-sectional analysis. Per SD increase in C3 levels was significantly associated with higher risk of NAFLD (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.40, 1.94) in cross-sectional analysis while C4 was not (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.89, 1.21). Longitudinal analysis produced similar results (HR Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-021-00023-0.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.