ArticleAesthetic surgery journal. Open forum2023
Introduction of the Lip Classification of Tubercles: A Novel Approach to Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Lip Treatments.
Article in Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Lip Complexity Classification (LCC): A Proposed Framework Integrating Anatomical Assessment with Therapeutic Decision-Making in Lip Augmentation.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- 4D Lips Technique Based on Anatomy for Naturalization.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Instagram vs Reality: Assessment of the Representation of Lip Aesthetic Subtypes on Social Media Using the Lip Classification of Tubercles System.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Lip enhancement procedures involving dermal fillers are one of the most sought after nonsurgical aesthetic treatments. However, current trends are associated with unnatural results and involve increased risks of complications and compromise to normal function. It appears that lips may be classified according to the presentation of their tubercles and this may be used to guide minimally invasive techniques which aim to preserve individual lip shapes and normal function. Objectives: To test the reliability of a classification system based on lip tubercle morphology, named the Lip Classification of Tubercles (LCT). Methods: To test the reliability of the LCT, a total of 214 high-definition photographs of patients' lips with no previous histories of lip treatments were classified independently by 4 experienced aesthetic practitioners on 2 separate occasions 3 months apart; the second followed a more detailed explanation of the classification. Results: When inter-rater reliability was calculated for the first attempt, the results were 36% and 43% for upper and lower lips, respectively. The second attempt following an education process resulted in 79% for both lips. When 1 practitioner was considered the standard, the average score for the remaining 3 showed some individual variation but improved significantly from 58% to 85%. Conclusions: The LCT is a reliable way to classify lip types based on the morphology of tubercles. Level of Evidence 3:
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Registered trials
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