ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2023
The clinical, neuropsychological, and brain functional characteristics of the ADHD restrictive inattentive presentation.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anxiety as a Moderator Between Autistic/ADHD Traits and Quality of Life in Autistic Children and Adolescents.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Review
- Vulnerable brain regions in adolescent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Behavioral and neurofunctional profiles of delay aversion in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Abnormal Functional Connectivity of the Primary Sensory Network in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Sex Differences, Early Overdevelopment, and Clinical Significance.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- The underlying neuropsychological and neural correlates of the impaired Chinese reading skills in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Cognitive disengagement syndrome: A construct at the crossroads.The American psychologistReview
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: There is an ongoing debate about the restrictive inattentive (RI) presentation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study aimed to systematically investigate the clinical, neuropsychological, and brain functional characteristics of children with ADHD restrictive inattentive presentation. Methods: A clinical sample of 789 children with or without ADHD participated in the current study and finished clinical interviews, questionnaires, and neuropsychological tests. Those individuals with a diagnosis of ADHD were further divided into three subgroups according to the presentation of inattentive and/or hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, the ADHD-RI, the ADHD-I (inattentive), and the ADHD-C (combined) groups. Between-group comparisons were carried out on each clinical and neuropsychological measure using ANCOVA, with age and sex as covariates. Bonferroni corrections were applied to correct for multiple comparisons. Two hundred twenty-seven of the subjects also went through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Five ADHD-related brain functional networks, including the default mode network (DMN), the dorsal attention network (DAN), the ventral attention network, the executive control network, and the salience network, were built using predefined regions of interest (ROIs). Voxel-based group-wise comparisons were performed. Results: Compared with healthy controls, all ADHD groups presented more clinical problems and weaker cognitive function. Among the ADHD groups, the ADHD-C group had the most clinical problems, especially delinquent and aggressive behaviors. Regarding cognitive function, the ADHD-RI group displayed the most impaired sustained attention, and the ADHD-C group had the worst response inhibition function. In terms of brain functional connectivity (FC), reduced FC in the DMN was identified in the ADHD-C and the ADHD-I groups but not the ADHD-RI group, compared to the healthy controls. Subjects with ADHD-I also presented decreased FC in the DAN in contrast to the control group. The ADHD-RI displayed marginally significantly lower FC in the salience network compared to the ADHD-I and the control groups. Conclusion: The ADHD-RI group is distinguishable from the ADHD-I and the ADHD-C groups. It is characterized by fewer externalizing behaviors, worse sustained attention, and better response inhibition function. The absence of abnormally high hyperactive/impulsive symptoms in ADHD-RI might be related to less impaired brain function in DMN, but potentially more impairment in the salience network.
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