ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Comparison of humoral and cellular immune responses between ChAd-BNT heterologous vaccination and BNT-BNT homologous vaccination following the third BNT dose: A prospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccination Strategies: Mixing Paths Versus Matching Tracks.Vaccines · 2025Review
- COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Fails to Enhance Antibody Response to Omicron Variant in Reinfected Healthcare Workers.Viruses · 2025Article
- Humoral and cellular immune durability of different COVID-19 vaccine platforms following homologous/heterologous boosters: one-year post vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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- Immunogenicity of a third dose with mRNA-vaccines in the ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 vaccination regimen against SARS-CoV-2 variants.iScience · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity of Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine with a ChAdOx1-S Booster Dose among Navy Personnel in Mexico.Viruses · 2024Article
- Sustained cell-mediated but not humoral responses in rituximab-treated rheumatic patients after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Humoral responses to wild type and ancient BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant after heterologous priming vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 booster dose.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Article
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- Vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody response: the comparability of S1-specific binding assays depends on epitope and isotype discrimination.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Five doses of the mRNA vaccination potentially suppress ancestral-strain stimulated SARS-CoV2-specific cellular immunity: a cohort study from the Fukushima vaccination community survey, Japan.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The differential immune responses after two additional BNT162b2 (BNT) booster doses between ChAdOx1 nCoV-10 (ChAd)-primed and BNT-primed groups have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses and evaluate breakthrough infection between the two vaccination strategies. Methods: In 221 healthy subjects (111 in the ChAd group), longitudinal immune responses were monitored at 3, 4, and 6 months after the 2nd dose and 1, 3, and 6 months after the 3rd dose. Humoral immunity was measured by two fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassays (Elecsys and Abbott) and a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Cellular immunity was assessed by two interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assays (QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 and Covi-FERON). Results: After the 2nd dose of BNT vaccination, total antibody levels were higher in the ChAd group, but IgG antibody and sVNT results were higher in the BNT group. Following the 3rd dose vaccination, binding antibody titers were significantly elevated in both groups (ChAD-BNT; 15.4 to 17.8-fold, BNT-BNT; 22.2 to 24.6-fold), and the neutralizing capacity was increased by 1.3-fold in both cohorts. The ChAd-BNT group had lower omicron neutralization positivity than the BNT-BNT group (P = 0.001) at 6 months after the 3rd dose. Cellular responses to the spike antigen also showed 1.7 to 3.0-fold increases after the 3rd dose, which gradually declined to the levels equivalent to before the 3rd vaccination. The ChAd cohort tended to have higher IFN-γ level than the BNT cohort for 3-6 months after the 2nd and 3rd doses. The frequency of breakthrough infection was higher in the ChAd group (44.8%) than in the BNT group (28.1%) (P = 0.0219). Breakthrough infection induced increased humoral responses in both groups, and increase of cellular response was significant in the ChAd group. Discussion: Our study showed differential humoral and cellular immune responses between ChAd-BNT-BNT heterologous and BNT-BNT-BNT homologous vaccination cohorts. The occurrence of low antibody levels in the ChAd-primed cohort in the humoral immune response may be associated with an increased incidence of breakthrough infections. Further studies are needed on the benefits of enhanced cellular immunity in ChAd-primed cohorts.
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