ArticleEClinicalMedicine2023
Prevalence of physical frailty, including risk factors, up to 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolution of functional and mental status and quality of life in people aged 75 years and over after the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a prospective cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Pre-Pandemic- and During-COVID-19 Anxiety and Depression Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life Were Similar in Injured Older Adults Enrolled in a Clinical Trial.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Adults Hospitalized for COVID-19 Pneumonia.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Real-World Effectiveness of Boosting Against Omicron Hospitalization in Older Adults, Stratified by Frailty.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Muscle Radiodensity Reduction in COVID-19 Survivors Is Independent of NLR Levels During Acute Infection Phase.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Profiling the persistent and episodic nature of long COVID symptoms and the impact on quality of life and functional status: a cohort observation study.Journal of global health · 2025Observational
- Fu Tu Sheng Jin Rehabilitation Formula Mitigate Airway Inflammation, Mucus Secretion and Immune Dysfunction Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Change in frailty among older COVID-19 survivors.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Observational
- DYNamic Assessment of Multi-Organ level dysfunction in patients recovering from COVID-19: DYNAMO COVID-19.Experimental physiology · 2024Article
- Long COVID and cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study.Open heart · 2024Article
- Cohort Profile: Post-Hospitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- A vicious cycle of frailty and acute lower respiratory infection among community-dwelling adults (≥ 60 years): Findings from a multi-site INSPIRE cohort study, India.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
38 authors at 16 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: The scale of COVID-19 and its well documented long-term sequelae support a need to understand long-term outcomes including frailty. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited adults who had survived hospitalisation with clinically diagnosed COVID-19 across 35 sites in the UK (PHOSP-COVID). The burden of frailty was objectively measured using Fried's Frailty Phenotype (FFP). The primary outcome was the prevalence of each FFP group-robust (no FFP criteria), pre-frail (one or two FFP criteria) and frail (three or more FFP criteria)-at 5 months and 1 year after discharge from hospital. For inclusion in the primary analysis, participants required complete outcome data for three of the five FFP criteria. Longitudinal changes across frailty domains are reported at 5 months and 1 year post-hospitalisation, along with risk factors for frailty status. Patient-perceived recovery and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were retrospectively rated for pre-COVID-19 and prospectively rated at the 5 month and 1 year visits. This study is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN10980107. Findings: Between March 5, 2020, and March 31, 2021, 2419 participants were enrolled with FFP data. Mean age was 57.9 (SD 12.6) years, 933 (38.6%) were female, and 429 (17.7%) had received invasive mechanical ventilation. 1785 had measures at both timepoints, of which 240 (13.4%), 1138 (63.8%) and 407 (22.8%) were frail, pre-frail and robust, respectively, at 5 months compared with 123 (6.9%), 1046 (58.6%) and 616 (34.5%) at 1 year. Factors associated with pre-frailty or frailty were invasive mechanical ventilation, older age, female sex, and greater social deprivation. Frail participants had a larger reduction in HRQoL compared with before their COVID-19 illness and were less likely to describe themselves as recovered. Interpretation: Physical frailty and pre-frailty are common following hospitalisation with COVID-19. Improvement in frailty was seen between 5 and 12 months although two-thirds of the population remained pre-frail or frail. This suggests comprehensive assessment and interventions targeting pre-frailty and frailty beyond the initial illness are required. Funding: UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.
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