ArticleFrontiers in psychology2023
Impact of academic cheating and perceived online learning effectiveness on academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic among Pakistani students.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lessons from a Low-Resource Country: A Narrative Review of Virtual Learning Adoption and Challenges in Medical Education in Iran During COVID-19.Advances in medical education and practice · 2026Review
- The impact of GenAI on applicant behaviour, performance, and interview reliability during virtual interviews for medical school admissions.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Pharmacy students’ perspective on remote flipped classrooms in Malaysia: a qualitative study.Journal of educational evaluation for health professions · 2025Article
- Quantum leap in medical mentorship: exploring ChatGPT's transition from textbooks to terabytes.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Satisfaction of essential needs in E-learning as a mediator of the links between students' attitudes and ethical misbehaviors.Heliyon · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Correction · 2025-01-21Error in Text · Updated to Retraction · · retracted with the retraction of the article; separate retraction notice issued September 8, 2025, DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1689484 PMID 40994862;
- Retraction · 2025-09-09Concerns/Issues about Article · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by Third Party · Objections by Author(s) · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions · Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s) ·
- Erratum issued
- Retracted
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The study was conducted to examine academic cheating behaviors and perceived online effectiveness on academic performance during the period of COVID-19 among schools, colleges, and university students in Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was used in the current study. Convenience sampling was used to collect the data. The study included a total sample of Result: The results indicated that 60% of students admitted to cheating during online exams most of the time; 30% of students admitted to cheating at least once during an online exam. The study found that students (from high school, college, and university) obtained higher grades in online exams as compared to physical exams. Furthermore, significant gender differences were found on the scales of online learning effectiveness in school, college, and university students ( Conclusion: Cheating is more common and easier in online courses, according to more than half of respondents, and they take advantage of this. Academicians are heavily encouraged to develop morality and ethics in their students so that their institutions can produce ethical professionals for the educational community.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.