ArticleInternational journal of ophthalmology2023
Prevalence of refractive errors in children of Puerto Rico.
Article in International journal of ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- [A population-based survey of myopia on primary school students in an administrative district, 2019 to 2024].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Binocular Vision Anomalies and Refractive Error Among High School Students in Southern Trinidad: A Cross-Sectional Study.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2025Article
- Progression of myopia among school-aged children in Guangzhou, China.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Refractive Errors of School Children from Economically Disadvantaged Areas in Northwest México.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Prevalence of visual impairment and estimation of refractive errors among school children in Kakamega, Kenya.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Prevalence of refractive errors in school-aged and preadolescent children in Colombia.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Distribution and correlation of refractive parameters in children with different corneal curvatures in southeast China.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Auto-refraction versus subjective refraction in different phakic and pseudophakic conditions: the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study (TGES).International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo determine the prevalence of refractive error in 5- to 17-year-old schoolchildren in Puerto Rico.
methodsA quantitative descriptive study of 2867 children aged 5 to 17y from all seven educational regions of Puerto Rico was conducted from 2016-2019. Refractive error was determined
resultsTwenty percent of the children had a spherical equivalent refractive error ≤ -0.50 D, 3.2% had a spherical equivalent ≥ +2.00 D, and 10.4% had astigmatism ≥1 D. There was a statistically (but non-clinically) significant myopic change in spherical equivalent refractive error with age (
conclusionThe prevalence of a spherical equivalent equal to or less than -0.50 D (myopia, 20.7%) is one of the highest among similar-aged children worldwide. Further studies should explore the rate of myopia progression in children in Puerto Rico. Individual children must be monitored to examine the need for treatment of myopia progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.