Observational studyCardiovascular diabetology2023
Estimated glucose disposal rate is associated with retinopathy and kidney disease in young people with type 1 diabetes: a nationwide observational study.
Observational study in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of estimated glucose disposal rate in predicting cardiovascular risk among general and diabetes mellitus population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Estimated glucose disposal rate and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus type I: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes & vascular disease researchPooled it
- Article
- Non-insulin-dependent insulin resistance surrogate indexes for predicting chronic kidney disease in diabetic individuals: a prospective cohort study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Estimated glucose disposal rate and risk of first myocardial infarction in people with diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Article
- Estimated glucose disposal rate outperforms conventional insulin resistance indices in predicting acute kidney injury risk among individuals with diabetes and prediabetes.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- A practical tool for risk stratification: eGDR as a predictor of incident diabetic kidney disease.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Relationship between body adiposity and glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Association between estimated glucose disposal rate and cardiovascular mortality in postmenopausal women: a national cohort study.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- The association between estimated glucose disposal rate and self-reported diabetic retinopathy: evidence from two independent cohorts and machine learning.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Estimated glucose disposal rate and frailty in middle and older aged adults from three prospective cohorts.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Estimated glucose disposal rate and mortality risk in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Association between insulin resistance and sudomotor dysfunction in adults with type 1 diabetes.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Low estimated glucose disposal rate predicts high residual syntax score in non-diabetic ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- The association between estimated glucose disposal rate and the prevalence and mortality of chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study with linked mortality follow-up.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Serum uric acid mediates the association between the estimated glucose disposal rate and chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes or prediabetes: an analysis from NHANES 2005-2018.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Association between estimated glucose disposal rate and testosterone deficiency in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Association of baseline and changes in estimated glucose disposal rate and risk of chronic kidney disease: evidence from a national longitudinal study.Acta diabetologica · 2025Article
- Association between the estimated glucose disposal rate and the occurrence of major cardiovascular events and stroke.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Association between estimated glucose disposal rate and testosterone level in US adult men: insights from NHANES 2013-2016.Sexual medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a proxy for insulin resistance, and retinopathy or kidney disease, i.e. micro-, or macroalbuminuria, in young individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). MATERIAL AND
methodsUsing data from the Swedish pediatric registry for diabetes (SweDiabKids) and the registry for adults (NDR), all individuals with T1D with a duration of diabetes of less than 10 years between 1998 and 2017 were included. We calculated the crude incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and used multivariable Cox regression to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for two cohorts: retinopathy cohort or kidney disease cohort, stratified by eGDR categories: < 4, 4 to 5.99, 6 to 7.99, and ≥ 8 mg/kg/min (reference).
resultsA total of 22 146 (10 289 retinopathy cohort, and 11 857 kidney disease cohort with an overlapping of 9575) children and adults with T1D (median age 21 years, female 42% and diabetes duration of 6 and 7 years, respectively for the cohorts) were studied. During a median follow-up of 4.8 years (IQR 2.6-7.7) there were 5040 (24.7%), 1909 (48.1%), 504 (52.3%) and 179 (57.6%) events for retinopathy in individuals with an eGDR ≥ 8, 7.99 to 6, 5.99 to 4, and < 4 mg/kg/min, respectively. Corresponding numbers for kidney disease was 1321 (6.5%), 526 (13.3%), 255 (26.8%) and 145 (46.6%). After multiple adjustments for different covariates, individuals with an eGDR 7.99 to 6, 5.99 to 4 and < 4 mg/kg/min, had an increased risk of retinopathy compared to those with an eGDR ≥ 8 mg/kg/min (adjusted HRs, 95% CIs) 1.29 (1.20 to 1.40); 1.50 (1.31 to 1.71) and 1.74 (1.41 to 2.14). Corresponding numbers for kidney disease was (adjusted HRs, 95% CIs) 1.30 (1.11 to 1.52); 1.58 (1.25 to 1.99) and 1.33 (0.95 to 1.86), respectively.
conclusionseGDR, a proxy for insulin resistance, is associated with retinopathy and kidney disease in young adults with T1D. The risk of retinopathy increased with lower eGDR. The risk of kidney disease also increased with lower eGDR; however results show no association between the lowest eGDR and kidney disease. eGDR can be helpful to identify young T1D individuals at risk.
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