ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2023
FGF-21 and GDF-15 are increased in migraine and associated with the severity of migraine-related disability.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers of cellular senescence predict risk of mild cognitive impairment: Results from the lifestyle interventions for elders (LIFE) study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2025Trial
- Glymphatic-Hippocampal Axis Alterations Across the Migraine-Medication Exposure Continuum: A Multi-modal Neuroimaging Study.Pain and therapy · 2026Article
- Research progress on the biological function and molecular mechanism of GDF-15 in solid malignant tumors.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Review
- Whole blood DNA methylation signature of epigenetic aging in medication overuse headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and exploratory serum biomarker findings in vestibular migraine: a cross-sectional case-control study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Serum GDF15 as a supportive biomarker in female fibromyalgia patients based on a prospective case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Distinct Gut-Brain Axis Dysregulation in Episodic Versus Chronic Migraine: Insights from NTG-Induced Mouse Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The lactylation-immune regulatory axis: a potential therapeutic target for migraine prevention and treatment.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- A Review of the Biochemical Diagnostic Biomarkers in Migraine: New Perspectives in Diagnostics.Pain research & management · 2025Review
- Correlation between serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 and the severity of migraine headache in patients undergoing sodium valproate treatment.Current journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Identifying novel proteins for migraine by integrating proteomes from blood and CSF with genome-wide association data.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- [Migraine and mitochondrial diseases : Energy deficit in the brain].Der Nervenarzt · 2024Article
- [Migraine and mitochondrial diseases : Energy deficit in the brain].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMigraine is a prevalent disorder with significant socioeconomic impact. The impairment of metabolic homeostasis in migraine warrants further investigation. Changes in serum levels of Fibroblast-growth-factor 21 (FGF-21) and Growth-differentiation-factor 15 (GDF-15) are characteristic of some metabolic and mitochondrial diseases. This study aimed to assess whether the presence of migraine affects serum levels of FGF-21 and GDF-15, and taking metabolic disorders into account as potential confounding factors.
methodsWe collected serum samples from 221 migraine patients (153 episodic migraineurs and 68 chronic migraineurs) and 124 healthy controls. The serum concentrations of FGF-21 and GDF-15 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based approach. Clinical variables, including monthly headache days, peak headache pain intensity, the 6-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), were also addressed. The associations between the clinical variables of migraine patients and serum levels of FGF-21 and GDF-15 were studied.
resultsIn the multiple regression that corrected for age, we found that the serum levels of FGF-21 and GDF-15 were significantly higher in migraine sufferers than in healthy controls. A significant elevation in serum concentration of FGF-21, but not GDF-15, was observed in patients with chronic migraine (CM) compared to those with episodic migraine (EM). Regarding migraine-related disability, higher scores on the HIT-6 and MIDAS were associated with higher levels of FGF-21 and GDF-15. For the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the diagnosis of migraine using GDF-15 showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.801 and the AUC of chronic migraine was 0.880.
conclusionSerum GDF-15 and FGF-21 levels are increased in patients with migraine and associated with the severity of migraine-related disability.
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