ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2023
A Biologically Interfaced Evolvable Organic Pattern Classifier.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Organic Transistor-Based Neuromorphic Electronics and Their Recent Applications.Small methods · 2026Review
- Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Neuromorphic Devices and Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Electropolymerization of Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors: Fundamentals and Applications in Bioelectronics.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- High-frequency, low-energy organic event-based sensors for closed-loop neurostimulation.Nature sensors · 2026Article
- Brain-Inspired Polymer Dendrite Networks for Morphology-Dependent Computing Hardware.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Single organic electrochemical neuron capable of anticoincidence detection.Science advances · 2025Article
- An organic electrochemical neuron for a neuromorphic perception system.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- An organic brain-inspired platform with neurotransmitter closed-loop control, actuation and reinforcement learning.Materials horizons · 2024Article
- A Biologically Interfaced Evolvable Organic Pattern Classifier.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Future brain-computer interfaces will require local and highly individualized signal processing of fully integrated electronic circuits within the nervous system and other living tissue. New devices will need to be developed that can receive data from a sensor array, process these data into meaningful information, and translate that information into a format that can be interpreted by living systems. Here, the first example of interfacing a hardware-based pattern classifier with a biological nerve is reported. The classifier implements the Widrow-Hoff learning algorithm on an array of evolvable organic electrochemical transistors (EOECTs). The EOECTs' channel conductance is modulated in situ by electropolymerizing the semiconductor material within the channel, allowing for low voltage operation, high reproducibility, and an improvement in state retention by two orders of magnitude over state-of-the-art OECT devices. The organic classifier is interfaced with a biological nerve using an organic electrochemical spiking neuron to translate the classifier's output to a simulated action potential. The latter is then used to stimulate muscle contraction selectively based on the input pattern, thus paving the way for the development of adaptive neural interfaces for closed-loop therapeutic systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.