ArticleEnvironmental research2023
Sex-specific effects of prenatal organophosphate ester (OPE) metabolite mixtures and adverse infant birth outcomes in the maternal and developmental risks from environmental and social stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort.
Article in Environmental research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between maternal organophosphate esters metabolite levels during pregnancy and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in children at 2-5 years.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Gestational exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and child growth in weight, height, and body mass index at age 2-10 years: the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Organophosphate ester exposure in pregnancy, gestational weight gain, and postpartum body composition in a U.S.-based longitudinal pregnancy cohort.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- Review
- Endocrine Disrupting Agents: Toxicological Aspects on Male Reproduction.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025Review
- Prenatal organophosphate ester exposure and epigenetic changes at birth: a characterization of the methylome in the ECHO cohort.Environment international · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and behavioral outcomes in early childhood in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort.Environment international · 2025Article
- Maternal organophosphate esters and sex steroid hormones in mid-pregnancy.Environmental research · 2025Article
- An assessment of organophosphate ester mixtures and the placental transcriptome.Environment international · 2025Article
- Gestational exposure to organophosphate esters and autism spectrum disorder and other non-typical development in a cohort with elevated familial likelihood.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Organophosphate ester flame retardant chemicals and maternal depression during pregnancy.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Relation to Fetal Growth in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolites and early motor development in the MADRES cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Article
- Associations of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardant Exposures during Pregnancy with Gestational Duration and Fetal Growth: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
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17 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOrganophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants and plasticizers in various consumer products. Limited prior research suggests sex-specific effects of prenatal OPE exposures on fetal development. We evaluated overall and sex-specific associations between prenatal OPE exposures and gestational age (GA) at birth and birthweight for gestational age (BW for GA) z-scores among the predominately low-income, Hispanic MADRES cohort.
methodsNine OPE metabolite concentrations were measured in 421 maternal urine samples collected during a third trimester visit (GA = 31.5 ± 2.0 weeks). We examined associations between single urinary OPE metabolites and GA at birth and BW for GA z-scores using linear regression models and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) and effects from OPE mixtures using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). We also assessed sex-specific differences in single metabolite analyses by evaluating statistical interactions and stratifying by sex.
resultsWe did not find significant associations between individual OPE metabolites and birth outcomes in the full infant sample; however, we found that higher bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) was associated with earlier GA at birth among male infants (p = 0.04), and a nonlinear, inverted U-shape association between the sum of dibutyl phosphate and di-isobutyl phosphate (DNBP + DIBP) and GA at birth among female infants (p = 0.03). In mixtures analysis, higher OPE metabolite mixture exposures was associated with lower GA at birth, which was primarily driven by female infants. No associations were observed between OPE mixtures and BW for GA z-scores.
conclusionHigher BDCIPP and DNBP + DIBP concentrations were associated with earlier GA at birth among male and female infants, respectively. Higher exposure to OPE mixtures was associated with earlier GA at birth, particularly among female infants. However, we saw no associations between prenatal OPEs and BW for GA. Our results suggest sex-specific impacts of prenatal OPE exposures on GA at birth.
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