ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2023
The rarer-sex effect.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gain Curves, Reproductive Efficiency, and Sex Allocation.Ecology and evolution · 2026Review
- Article
- Direct and indirect benefits of cooperation in collective defense against predation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Adult Sex-Ratio Bias Does Not Lead to Detectable Adaptive Offspring Sex Allocation Via Nest-Site Choice in a Turtle With Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Female-biased birth sex ratio in a female dispersal primate suggests local resource competition.Biology letters · 2024Article
- Why the Shaw-Mohler equation works and when it doesn't.Biology letters · 2024Article
- The evolutionarily stable strategy, animal contests, parasitoids, pest control and sociality.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- The early rise and spread of evolutionary game theory: perspectives based on recollections of early workers.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Evolutionary game theory of continuous traits from a causal perspective.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Individual- and group-level sex ratios under local mate competition: consequences of infanticide and reproductive dominance.Evolution letters · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The study of sex allocation-that is, the investment of resources into male versus female reproductive effort-yields among the best quantitative evidence for Darwinian adaptation, and has long enjoyed a tight and productive interplay of theoretical and empirical research. The fitness consequences of an individual's sex allocation decisions depend crucially upon the sex allocation behaviour of others and, accordingly, sex allocation is readily conceptualized in terms of an evolutionary game. Here, I investigate the historical development of understanding of a fundamental driver of the evolution of sex allocation-the rarer-sex effect-from its inception in the writing of Charles Darwin in 1871 through to its explicit framing in terms of consanguinity and reproductive value by William D. Hamilton in 1972. I show that step-wise development of theory proceeded through refinements in the conceptualization of the strategy set, the payoff function and the unbeatable strategy. This article is part of the theme issue 'Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions'.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.