ArticleCritical care (London, England)2023
Focused liquid ultrasonography in dropsy protocol for quantitative assessment of subcutaneous edema.
Article in Critical care (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06728722 (Detection of the Changes in Body Composition of Critically Ill Obstetrics by Ultrasound and the Co-relations With Clinical Outcomes; a Prospective Observational Study.), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Detection of the Changes in Body Composition of Critically Ill Obstetrics by Ultrasound and the Co-relations With Clinical Outcomes; a Prospective Observational Study.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trajectories of cumulative fluid balance and the association with pressure injuries in ICU patients.International journal of nursing sciences · 2025Article
- Value of multimodal ultrasound in the assessment of snakebite.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- Subcutaneous interstitial pressure measurement during early septic shock: an exploratory study.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Capillary leak and endothelial permeability in critically ill patients: a current overview.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2023Review
- Inferior vena cava ultrasound and other techniques for assessment of intravascular and extravascular volume: an update.Clinical kidney journal · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough subcutaneous edema is a common symptom of critically ill patients, it is still underreported due to the lack of a systematic method for evaluating it. The present study aims to describe the occurrence and distribution of subcutaneous edema, as well as the risk factors associated with it, in critically ill patients using the focused liquid ultrasonography in dropsy (FLUID) protocol, and to assess their impact on ICU mortality.
methodsThe FLUID protocol and the pitting test were performed on general ICU patients in China. Cohen's Kappa coefficient and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate the agreement between the two methods at each measurement site and between the whole-body subcutaneous edema scores, respectively, while a repeated measures ANOVA was performed to compare the differences between the two methods in whole-body and body-part measurements. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the risk factors for subcutaneous edema development and the relationship between subcutaneous edema severity and ICU mortality.
resultsA total of 145 critically ill patients were evaluated using both approaches, of whom 40 (27.6%) experienced subcutaneous edema. Over 1440 measurements, it was found that ultrasound discovered more subcutaneous edema than the pitting test (ultrasound: 522[36.3%], pitting test: 444[30.8%], χ
conclusionsThe FLUID protocol provides a comprehensive strategy for the semi-quantitative assessment of subcutaneous edema in critically ill patients. In detecting the onset and severity of edema, ultrasound was found to outperform the pitting test. Subcutaneous edema showed a gravity-dependent distribution pattern, and its severity was associated with mortality.
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