ArticleBMC public health2023
Race/ethnicity-specific associations between breastfeeding information source and breastfeeding rates among U.S. women.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06673160 (Pumping to Up Maternal Milk Production for Preterms), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pumping to Up Maternal Milk Production for Preterms (PUMMPP)
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complex intertwined association between breastfeeding practices and household food insecurity: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Telelactation Services and Breastfeeding by Race and Ethnicity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Introducing the Mother Infant Lactation Questionnaire (MILQ): A Patient-reported Outcome Measure.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- "I'm going to use the formula God gave me": The Role of the Black Church in Breastfeeding Support for Black Mothers.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Article
- Race, Breastfeeding Support, and the U.S. Infant Formula Shortage: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Spatial inequalities in breastfeeding initiation in the United States: A multiscale analysis of county-level determinants.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- The role of support on breastfeeding exclusivity and duration among African migrant mothers in the United States.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Cultural Interpretations of Patients and Employees in an Organization Certified Through the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: A Focused Ethnographic Study.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2025Article
- Methodologic considerations in estimating racial disparity of mortality among very preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Designing a Digital Intervention to Increase Human Milk Feeding Among Black Mothers: Qualitative Study of Acceptability and Preferences.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hospital Breastfeeding Care in the US.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Article
- Article
- The role of nurses, midwives, and doulas on breastfeeding: changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Current trends in breast cancer genetics, risk factors, and screening strategies.Journal of biological methods · 2025Review
- Quantifying the Association between Pump Use and Breastfeeding Duration.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Prenatal intention to human milk feed in the native Hawaiian population: predictors of any human milk feeding from birth to six months postpartum.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Article
- Pumps: A Possible Tool to Promote More Equitable Lactation Outcomes.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2024Review
- Attitudes and barriers to breastfeeding among women at high-risk for not breastfeeding: a prospective observational study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Observational
- The epidemiology and associated factors of non-exclusive breastfeeding: a comparative cross-sectional study of livelihood-secure and insecure areas.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite evidence of the impact of breastfeeding information on breastfeeding rates, it is unknown if information sources and impact vary by race/ethnicity, thus this study assessed race/ethnicity-specific associations between breastfeeding information sources and breastfeeding.
methodsWe used data from the 2016-2019 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Race/ethnicity-stratified multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate associations between information source (e.g., family/friends) and breastfeeding rates (0 weeks/none, < 10 weeks, or ≥ 10 weeks; < 10 weeks and ≥ 10 weeks = any breastfeeding). All analyses were weighted to be nationally representative.
resultsAmong 5,945,018 women (weighted), 88% reported initiating breastfeeding (≥ 10 weeks = 70%). Information from family/friends (< 10 weeks: aORs = 1.58-2.14; ≥ 10 weeks: aORs = 1.63-2.64) and breastfeeding support groups (< 10 weeks: aORs = 1.31-1.76; ≥ 10 weeks: aORs = 1.42-2.77) were consistently associated with breastfeeding and duration across most racial/ethnic groups; effects were consistently smaller among Alaska Native, Black, and Hispanic women (vs White women). Over half of American Indian and one-quarter of Black women reported not breastfeeding/stopping breastfeeding due to return to school/work concerns.
conclusionsAssociations between breastfeeding information source and breastfeeding rates vary across race/ethnicity. Culturally tailored breastfeeding information and support from family/friends and support groups could help reduce breastfeeding disparities. Additional measures are needed to address disparities related to concerns about return to work/school.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.