ArticleScientific reports2023
Air-conditioning adoption and electricity demand highlight climate change mitigation-adaptation tradeoffs.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Diurnal temperature range and daily mean temperature in relation to multimorbidity among middle-aged or older Chinese adults: insights from the CHARLS.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Patterns, drivers, and trends of urban cooling demand across global cities.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Long-duration electricity storage needs for coping with Dunkelflaute events in Europe.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Rising Air-Conditioning Use Intensifies Global Warming.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Global historical population exposure to heating and cooling degree days.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The 2025Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Review
- Quantifying the global climate feedback from energy-based adaptation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Inequalities in global residential cooling energy use to 2050.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Green spaces provide substantial but unequal urban cooling globally.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Experimental research in environmentally induced hyperthermic older persons: A systematic quantitative literature review mapping the available evidence.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We elucidate mid-century climate change impacts on electricity demand accounting for endogenous adoption of residential air-conditioning (AC) in affluent, cooler countries in Europe, and in poorer, hotter states in India. By 2050, in a high-warming scenario (SSP585) AC prevalence grows twofold in Europe and fourfold in India, reaching around 40% in both regions. We document a mitigation-adaptation tradeoff: AC expansion reduces daily heat exposures by 150 million and 3.8 billion person degree-days (PDDs), but increases annual electricity demand by 34 TWh and 168 TWh in Europe and India, respectively (corresponding to 2% and 15% of today's consumption). The increase in adoption and use of AC would result in an additional 130 MMTCO2, of which 120 MMTCO2 in India alone, if the additional electricity generated were produced with today's power mix. The tradeoff varies geographically and across income groups: a one PDD reduction in heat exposure in Europe versus India necessitates five times more electricity (0.53 kWh vs 0.1 kWh) and two times more emissions (0.16 kgCO[Formula: see text] vs 0.09 kgCO[Formula: see text]), on average. The decomposition of demand drivers offers important insights on how such tradeoff can be moderated through policies promoting technology-based and behavioral-based adaptation strategies.
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Registered trials
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