Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36932057›Full record

ArticleTranslational psychiatry2023

Antipsychotic drug use complicates assessment of gene expression changes associated with schizophrenia.

Anton Schulmann, Stefano Marenco, Marquis P Vawter, Nirmala Akula, Agenor Limon, Ajeet Mandal, Pavan K Auluck, Yash Patel, Barbara K Lipska, Francis J McMahon

Open access · goldFull text read
In one paragraph

Article in Translational psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Long-term effects of adolescent risperidone treatment on the mouse cortex.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. DifferentialScience advances · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Genetic mechanisms for impaired synaptic plasticity in schizophrenia revealed by computational modeling.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Anton SchulmannHuman Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA. anton.schulmann@nih.gov.ORCID 0000-0002-6323-4969
Stefano MarencoHuman Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2488-2365
Marquis P VawterFunctional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7987-6309
Nirmala AkulaHuman Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Agenor LimonDepartment of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6613-770X
Ajeet MandalHuman Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Pavan K AuluckHuman Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Yash PatelHuman Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Barbara K LipskaHuman Brain Collection Core, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Francis J McMahonHuman Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA. francis.mcmahon@nih.gov.ORCID 0000-0002-9469-305X
National Institute of Mental Health · USNational Human Genome Research Institute · USThe University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston · USUniversity of California, Irvine · US

Funding

Procurement and Characterization of Postmortem Brain TissueZICMH002903 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI MARENCO, STEFANO · 2009 to 2025
$56.0M
Mapping genes that contribute to bipolar disorderZIAMH002810 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI MCMAHON, FRANCIS J · 2009 to 2025
$31.2M
White Matter Abnormalities in SchizophreniaP50MH066392 · NIMH · MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF NYU · PI BUXBAUM, JOSEPH D. · 2002 to 2012
$18.6M
International Cohort Collection for Bipolar DisorderR01MH085542 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI SMOLLER, JORDAN W · 2008 to 2012
$10.7M
NMDA Receptor Hypofunction in the Amygdala of Schizophrenia PatientsP50MH096891 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI BILKER, WARREN B. · 2012 to 2016
$10.6M
Cis-Regulatory Epigenome Mappings in SchizophreniaU01MH103392 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI AKBARIAN, SCHAHRAM, SKLAR, PAMELA · 2014 to 2017
$7.6M
Molecular Profiling of SchizophreniaR01MH110921 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI CHESS, ANDREW J, ROUSSOS, PANAGIOTIS · 2016 to 2020
$6.9M
The 3D genome in transcriptional regulation across the postnatal life span, with implications for schizophrenia and bipolar disorderU01MH116442 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI AKBARIAN, SCHAHRAM, DRACHEVA, STELLA · 2018 to 2022
$5.9M
Genetics Association in Schizophrenia and Other DisordersR37MH057881 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI DEVLIN, BERNIE · 2013 to 2022
$5.4M
Mitochondrial Dysfunction In SchizophreniaR01MH085801 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI VAWTER, MARQUIS PHILIP · 2009 to 2020
$5.0M
Risk genetic variants and cis regulation of gene expression in Bipolar DisorderR01MH109677 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI ROUSSOS, PANAGIOTIS · 2016 to 2020
$4.6M
Src mediates molecular alterations leading to NMDAR hypofunction in schizophreniaR01MH075916 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI BORGMANN-WINTER, KARIN, HAHN, CHANG-GYU · 2006 to 2019
$3.3M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA MH002810Intramural NIH HHS ZIC MH002903NHLBI NIH HHS R21 HL126015NIDA NIH HHS HHSN271201300031CNIMH NIH HHS P50 MH066392NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH096891NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH074313NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH075916NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH085542NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH085801NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH093725NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH097276NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH109677NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH109897NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH110921NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH113177NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH057881NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH103392NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH116442
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent postmortem transcriptomic studies of schizophrenia (SCZ) have shown hundreds of differentially expressed genes. However, the extent to which these gene expression changes reflect antipsychotic drug (APD) exposure remains uncertain. We compared differential gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of SCZ patients who tested positive for APDs at the time of death with SCZ patients who did not. APD exposure was associated with numerous changes in the brain transcriptome, especially among SCZ patients on atypical APDs. Brain transcriptome data from macaques chronically treated with APDs showed that APDs affect the expression of many functionally relevant genes, some of which show expression changes in the same directions as those observed in SCZ. Co-expression modules enriched for synaptic function showed convergent patterns between SCZ and some of the APD effects, while those associated with inflammation and glucose metabolism exhibited predominantly divergent patterns between SCZ and APD effects. In contrast, major cell-type shifts inferred in SCZ were primarily unaffected by APD use. These results show that APDs may confound SCZ-associated gene expression changes in postmortem brain tissue. Disentangling these effects will help identify causal genes and improve our neurobiological understanding of SCZ.

Indexed as

Antipsychotic AgentsSchizophreniaBrainHumansPrefrontal CortexTranscriptomeAntipsychotic Agents

Identifiers

PMID36932057
PMCPMC10023659
OpenAlexW4327732027

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
measurements read10
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.