ArticleBMJ open2023
Patient-reported burden and overall impact of dry eye disease across eight European countries: a cross-sectional web-based survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autologous serum eye drops for patients with dry eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Yoga as a cost-effective adjunct therapy for dry eye: clinical outcomes from a 12-week randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Trial
- Acceptance of Allogeneic Serum Eye Drops Among Users of Autologous Serum Eye Drops-A Survey-Based Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- RIPK3/SQSTM1-Mediated Necroptosis Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Dry Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- The relationship between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease symptom severity among Qatar University students: A cross-sectional study.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Meibum Lipid Saturation Related to Dry Eye, Age, and Sex Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Prevalence and predictors of dry eye syndrome among the young population in Jordan: A cross-sectional survey study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Perfluorohexyloctane Ophthalmic Solution in Patients with Dry Eye Disease Undergoing Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Multicenter Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Correlation analysis between ocular surface parameters and corneal higher-order aberrations in dry eye disease: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Sex as Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease in a Cohort of Norwegian 65-year-Olds: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Immuno-inflammatory axis of menopausal dry eye: from hormonal fluctuations to ocular surface dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Isoform Imbalance Is Associated with Innate Inflammation and Corneal Epitheliopathy in Dry Eye Disease.Ophthalmic research · 2026Article
- The effect of diquafosol on tear film inflammatory markers in patients with dry eye: A noncomparative, open-label, proof-of-concept study.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Real-World Experience with Lifitegrast Ophthalmic Solution in Patients with Dry Eye Disease: A Provider Survey in the USA and Canada.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- A nationwide population-based study on epidemiologic characteristics and treatment patterns of dry eye disease in South Korea.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Management of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Patients with Symptomatic Dry Eye Disease Treated with a Preservative-Free Ophthalmic Emulsion Combining Alpha-Lipoic Acid and High Molecular Weight Sodium Hyaluronate.Advances in therapy · 2025Article
- Impact of signs and symptoms of dry eye disease on health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional population study among older adults.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Short-Term Changes in Tear Film Stability and Tear Volume Following the Application of Various DED Management Options in a Healthy Young Population.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Evodiamine Promotes Autophagy and Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Dry Eye Disease Through the p53/mTOR Pathway.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Dry eye disease and psychosomatics-benefits of mind-body therapy for dry eye disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 9 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease involving the tears and ocular surface. It impacts a patient's quality of life (QoL) and ability to perform daily activities. This study assessed the burden of self-reported DED among adults in eight European countries.
designOnline cross-sectional survey.
settingGeneral population in France, Italy, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Sweden.
participantsAdults aged ≥18 years with (n=6084) and without (n=6161) self-reported DED were recruited via emails and screened.
main outcome measuresAll participants completed National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25) and EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Level Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). All DED participants completed the Eye Dryness Score (EDS) Visual Analogue Scale, and Ocular Comfort Index and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Specific Health Problem questionnaires. In addition, half of the respondents with DED completed Survey A (Impact of Dry Eye on Everyday Life) and the other half completed Survey B (Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Questionnaire) and Dry Eye Questionnaire-5.
resultsParticipants with self-reported DED had lower functional vision and lower overall health status than participants without self-reported DED as measured by the NEI-VFQ and EQ-5D-5L, respectively.Increasing self-reported DED severity as measured by the EDS was shown to correspond with worse symptom severity/frequency, lower functional vision, higher impact on work productivity, daily activities and QoL.
conclusionThis study showed that patients' reported burden of self-reported DED was similar across the eight European countries. Those with self-reported DED reported lower health status and functional vision compared to those without self-reported DED and these parameters worsen with increasing disease severity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.