Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36931142›Full record

SynthesisJournal of infection and public health2023

Prevalence and risk factor for long COVID in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Yong-Bo Zheng, Na Zeng, Kai Yuan, Shan-Shan Tian, Ying-Bo Yang, Nan Gao, Xuan Chen, An-Yi Zhang, Alexandra L Kondratiuk, Pei-Pei Shi and 9 more

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of infection and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
29.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

88 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients: a systematic review.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2025
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Trial
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Observational
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.

Yong-Bo ZhengPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Na ZengNational Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Kai YuanPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China.
Shan-Shan TianPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China.
Ying-Bo YangThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.
Nan GaoThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.
Xuan ChenThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China.
An-Yi ZhangPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China.
Alexandra L KondratiukNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London W2 1NY, UK.
Pei-Pei ShiDepartment of Neurology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
Fang ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Jie SunPain Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Jing-Li YuePeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China.
Xiao LinPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China.
Le ShiPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China.
Ajit LalvaniNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London W2 1NY, UK.
Jie ShiNational Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Yan-Ping BaoNational Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: baoyp@bjmu.edu.cn.
Lin LuPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China; National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: linlu@bjmu.edu.cn.
Peking University · CNPeking University Sixth Hospital · CNFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University · CNImperial College London · GBNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control · CNNIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre · GBTaiyuan Central Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMillions of COVID-19 pediatric survivors are facing the risk of long COVID after recovery from acute COVID-19. The primary objective of this study was to systematically review the available literature and determine the pooled prevalence of, and risk factors for long COVID among the pediatric survivors.

methodsStudies that assessed the prevalence of, or risk factors associated with long COVID among pediatric COVID-19 survivors were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to December 11th, 2022. Random effects model was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of long COVID among pediatric COVID-19 patients. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression on the estimated prevalence of long COVID were performed by stratification with follow-up duration, mean age, sex ratio, percentage of multisystem inflammatory syndrome, hospitalization rate at baseline, and percentage of severe illness.

resultsBased on 40 studies with 12,424 individuals, the pooled prevalence of any long COVID was 23.36 % ([95 % CI 15.27-32.53]). The generalized symptom (19.57 %, [95 % CI 9.85-31.52]) was reported most commonly, followed by respiratory (14.76 %, [95 % CI 7.22-24.27]), neurologic (13.51 %, [95 % CI 6.52-22.40]), and psychiatric (12.30 %, [95% CI 5.38-21.37]). Dyspnea (22.75 %, [95% CI 9.38-39.54]), fatigue (20.22 %, [95% CI 9.19-34.09]), and headache (15.88 %, [95 % CI 6.85-27.57]) were most widely reported specific symptoms. The prevalence of any symptom during 3-6, 6-12, and> 12 months were 26.41 % ([95 % CI 14.33-40.59]), 20.64 % ([95 % CI 17.06-24.46]), and 14.89 % ([95 % CI 6.09-26.51]), respectively. Individuals with aged over ten years, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, or had severe clinical symptoms exhibited higher prevalence of long COVID in multi-systems. Factors such as older age, female, poor physical or mental health, or had severe infection or more symptoms were more likely to have long COVID in pediatric survivors.

conclusionsNearly one quarter of pediatric survivors suffered multisystem long COVID, even at 1 year after infection. Ongoing monitoring, comprehensive prevention and intervention is warranted for pediatric survivors, especially for individuals with high risk factors.

Indexed as

COVID-19AdolescentAgedChildFemaleHumansPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromePrevalenceRisk FactorsSystemic Inflammatory Response SyndromeChildrenCOVID-19Inflammatory multisystem syndromeLong COVID

Identifiers

PMID36931142
PMCPMC9990879
OpenAlexW4323351230

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.