ArticlePloS one2023
Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential association of bronchoalveolar lavage lipid-laden macrophages with disease severity and corticosteroid response in interstitial lung disease: a pilot study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Prognostic Value of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Circulating Activin A and Follistatin-like Proteins in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Interstitial Lung Disease: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Circulating biomarkers in subjects with progressive pulmonary fibrosis: data from the INBUILD trial.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Assessing the global burden of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis using multiple statistical models: analysis and future projections.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- A Simple Ratio in a Complex Disease: Exploring the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Impact of Storage Conditions on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Analysis: A Human Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- One-year mortality risk prediction model for patients with interstitial lung disease and lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Alveolar cell composition in interstitial lung disease and the development of a pulmonary progressive fibrosing phenotype: a retrospective cohort study.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- CD206 and dust particles are prognostic biomarkers of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease associated with air pollutant exposure.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Predicting biomarkers of progressive pulmonary fibrosis: morphological, cytokine profile, and clinical portrait.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Neutrophils as key drivers of pulmonary fibrosis: unveiling mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Neutrophil dynamics in pulmonary fibrosis: pathophysiological and therapeutic perspectives.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Novel prediction model of early screening lung adenocarcinoma with pulmonary fibrosis based on haematological index.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Current insight and future direction.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- The bronchoalveolar lavage fluidFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease risk of readmission and all-cause mortality: Interpretable machine learning approach.Chronic respiratory diseaseArticle
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
No biomarkers have been identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for predicting fibrosis progression or prognosis in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD). We investigated BALF biomarkers for PF-ILD diagnosis and prognosis assessment. Overall, 120 patients with interstitial pneumonia who could be diagnosed with PF-ILD or non PF-ILD were enrolled in this retrospective study. PF-ILD was diagnosed according to Cottin's definition. All patients underwent bronchoscopy and BALF collection. We evaluated blood and BALF parameters, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns, and spirometry data to identify factors influencing PF-ILD diagnosis and prognosis. On univariate logistic analysis, age, sex, the BALF white blood cell fraction (neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), BALF flow cytometric analysis (CD8), and an idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on HRCT were correlated with PF-ILD diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sex (male), age (cut-off 62 years, area under the curve [AUC] 0.67; sensitivity 0.80; specificity 0.47), white blood cell fraction in BALF (NLR, neutrophil, and lymphocyte), and CD8 in BALF (cut-off 34.2; AUC 0.66; sensitivity, 0.74; specificity, 0.62) were independent diagnostic predictors for PF-ILD. In BALF, the NLR (cut-off 8.70, AUC 0.62; sensitivity 0.62; specificity 0.70), neutrophil count (cut-off 3.0, AUC 0.59; sensitivity 0.57; specificity 0.63), and lymphocyte count (cut-off 42.0, AUC 0.63; sensitivity 0.77; specificity 0.53) were independent diagnostic predictors. In PF-ILD patients (n = 77), lactate dehydrogenase (cut-off 275, AUC 0.69; sensitivity 0.57; specificity 0.78), Krebs von den Lungen-6 (cut-off 1,140, AUC 0.74; sensitivity 0.71; specificity 0.76), baseline forced vital capacity (FVC) (cut-off 1.75 L, AUC 0.71; sensitivity, 0.93; specificity, 0.46), and BALF neutrophil ratio (cut-off 6.0, AUC 0.72; sensitivity 0.79; specificity 0.80) correlated with death within 3 years. The BALF cellular ratio, particularly the neutrophil ratio, correlated with the diagnosis and prognosis of PF-ILD. These findings may be useful in the management of patients with interstitial pneumonia.
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