ArticleProtein & cell2023
Immunology of a unique biological structure: the Echinococcus laminated layer.
Article in Protein & cell, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of LY2109761 on TGF-β1/TGFβRI/Smad Pathway and Hepatic Fibrosis Cysts Formation in Rats Infected with Echinococcus granulosus: an In Vitro and In Vivo Study.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Small particles of Echinococcus granulosus (spegs) and Echinococcus multilocularis (spems) promote follicular T helper cell expansion and are associated with IgE and IgG4 class switching in human lymph nodes.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Imaging mass cytometry of the immune microenvironment in alveolar echinococcosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Phytic acid impairs macrophage inflammatory response in Echinococcus multilocularis infection.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Human Alveolar Echinococcosis-A Neglected Zoonotic Disease Requiring Urgent Attention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Laminated Layer Extract from Echinococcus Granulosus cyst Attenuates Ocular Damages and Inflammatory Responses in an Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis Model.Acta parasitologica · 2025Article
- TIM4+macrophages suppress the proinflammatory response to maintain the chronic alveolar echinococcosis infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the In-Vitro Effects of Albendazole, Mebendazole, and Praziquantel Nanocapsules against Protoscolices of Hydatid Cyst.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Management of Pathologic Hip Fracture Secondary to Musculoskeletal Echinococcosis: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Advances in Detecting Cystic Echinococcosis in Intermediate Hosts and New Diagnostic Tools: A Literature Review.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Mucins Shed from the Laminated Layer in Cystic Echinococcosis Are Captured by Kupffer Cells via the Lectin Receptor Clec4F.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The larval stages of the cestode parasites belonging to the genus Echinococcus grow within internal organs of humans and a range of animal species. The resulting diseases, collectively termed echinococcoses, include major neglected tropical diseases of humans and livestock. Echinococcus larvae are outwardly protected by the laminated layer (LL), an acellular structure that is unique to this genus. The LL is based on a fibrillar meshwork made up of mucins, which are decorated by galactose-rich O-glycans. In addition, in the species cluster termed E. granulosus sensu lato, the LL features nano-deposits of the calcium salt of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (Insp6). The main purpose of our article is to update the immunobiology of the LL. Major recent advances in this area are (i) the demonstration of LL "debris" at the infection site and draining lymph nodes, (ii) the characterization of the decoy activity of calcium Insp6 with respect to complement, (iii) the evidence that the LL mucin carbohydrates interact specifically with a lectin receptor expressed in Kupffer cells (Clec4F), and (iv) the characterization of what appear to be receptor-independent effects of LL particles on dendritic cells and macrophages. Much information is missing on the immunology of this intriguing structure: we discuss gaps in knowledge and propose possible avenues for research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.