ArticleLupus science & medicine2022
Intermittent and Persistent Type 2 lupus: patient perspectives on two distinct patterns of Type 2 SLE symptoms.
Article in Lupus science & medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can disease activity and treatment responses be captured by a core set of domains in SLE clinical trials? An analysis of phase III belimumab trial data.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
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- Ultrasensitive quantification of serum IFN-α and IFN-γ in systemic lupus erythematosus: A cross-sectional observational study.PLoS medicine · 2025Observational
- Role of antimalarials in lupus nephritis: a narrative review.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Review
- Perspectives of Rheumatologists on the Type 1 and 2 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Model.ACR open rheumatology · 2024Article
- Patient and Physician Perspectives of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Flare: A Qualitative Study.The Journal of rheumatology · 2024Article
- Clinical and Serologic Phenotyping and Damage Indices in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With and Without Fibromyalgia.ACR open rheumatology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Type 2 SLE symptoms in patients with a range of lupus nephritis activity.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Article
- Article
- A data-driven approach to discover and quantify systemic lupus erythematosus etiological heterogeneity from electronic health records.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2024Article
- Using PROMIS-29 to determine symptom burdens in the context of the Type 1 and 2 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) model: a cross sectional study.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2023Article
- Development and psychometric evaluation of a physician global assessment for type 2 systemic lupus erythematosus symptoms.Lupus science & medicine · 2023Article
- Lupus clinical trials and the promise of future therapies.Rheumatology and immunology research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe have developed a new conceptual model to characterise the signs and symptoms of SLE: the Type 1 and 2 SLE Model. Within the original model, Type 1 SLE consists of inflammatory manifestations like arthritis, nephritis and rashes; Type 2 SLE includes symptoms of fatigue, myalgia, mood disturbance and cognitive dysfunction. Through in-depth interviews, we explored how the Type 1 and 2 SLE Model fits within the lived experience of patients with SLE, with a focus on the connection between Type 1 and Type 2 SLE symptoms.
methodsSemistructured in-depth interviews were conducted among adult participants meeting 1997 American College of Rheumatology or Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics criteria for SLE. Participants were purposefully selected for age, race, sex and nephritis history. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed through episode profile and thematic analysis.
resultsThrough interviews with 42 patients with SLE, two patterns of Type 2 SLE emerged: Intermittent (n=18) and Persistent (n=24). Participants with Intermittent Type 2 SLE described feeling generally well when Type 1 is inactive; these participants were younger and had more internal SLE manifestations. Participants with Persistent Type 2 described always experiencing Type 2 symptoms despite inactive Type 1, although the severity may fluctuate. Participants with Persistent Type 2 SLE experienced traditional lupus symptoms of joint pain, hair loss and rash, but less often had severe organ system involvement.
conclusionsBy listening to the stories of our patients, we found two underlying patterns of Type 2 SLE: Intermittent Type 2 symptoms that resolve in synchrony with Type 1 inflammatory symptoms, and Persistent Type 2 symptoms that continue despite remission of Type 1 symptoms.
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