ArticleMalaria journal2023
Anopheles rufipes implicated in malaria transmission both indoors and outdoors alongside Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis in rural south-east Zambia.
Article in Malaria journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Species composition and blood feeding patterns of understudied Anopheles mosquitoes in southern Zambia, an area of low malaria transmission.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Beyond Anopheles gambiae sensu lato: exploring the impact of non-dominant Anopheles species on malaria persistence in high-transmission endemic areas of Burkina Faso.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Seasonal stratification of anopheline abundance and species composition in southern Zambia suggests year-round, season-specific vector control approaches are needed.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Mapping the Genetic Relatedness of Outdoor-BitingInsects · 2025Article
- A new assay for molecular identification of Anopheles squamosus (Diptera: Culicidae) using internal transcribed spacer 2.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- MALDI-TOF MS for identification of Afro-tropical secondary malaria vectors.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Zambian Anopheles coustani group using a mitogenomics approach.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Assessing Anopheles species collection techniques in a low malaria transmission area: implications for vector surveillance and control.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Daytime and public space exposure to Anopheles funestus bites in Western Province, Zambia: implications for malaria surveillance and control.Malaria journal · 2025Article
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- A Comprehensive Review: Biology ofInsects · 2025Review
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- Mosquito breeding water parameters are important determinants for Microsporidia MB in the aquatic stages of Anopheles species.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Why does malaria transmission continue at high levels despite universal vector control? Quantifying persistent malaria transmission by Anopheles funestus in Western Province, Zambia.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Community perceptions, acceptability, and the durability of house screening interventions against exposure to malaria vectors in Nyimba district, Zambia.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Multiple Anopheles species complicate downstream analysis and decision-making in a malaria pre-elimination area in southern Mozambique.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- House Screening Reduces Exposure to Indoor Host-Seeking and Biting Malaria Vectors: Evidence from Rural South-East Zambia.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- A chromosomal reference genome sequence for the malaria mosquito,Wellcome open research · 2024Article
- Changes in contributions of different Anopheles vector species to malaria transmission in east and southern Africa from 2000 to 2022.Parasites & vectors · 2023Review
- Host feeding preferences of malaria vectors in an area of low malaria transmission.Scientific reports · 2023Article
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11 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundThe primary malaria vector-control interventions, indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets, are effective against indoor biting and resting mosquito species. Consequently, outdoor biting and resting malaria vectors might elude the primary interventions and sustain malaria transmission. Varied vector biting and resting behaviour calls for robust entomological surveillance. This study investigated the bionomics of malaria vectors in rural south-east Zambia, focusing on species composition, their resting and host-seeking behaviour and sporozoite infection rates.
methodsThe study was conducted in Nyimba District, Zambia. Randomly selected households served as sentinel houses for monthly collection of mosquitoes indoors using CDC-light traps (CDC-LTs) and pyrethrum spray catches (PSC), and outdoors using only CDC-LTs for 12 months. Mosquitoes were identified using morphological taxonomic keys. Specimens belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex and Anopheles funestus group were further identified using molecular techniques. Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection was determined using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
resultsFrom 304 indoor and 257 outdoor light trap-nights and 420 resting collection, 1409 female Anopheles species mosquitoes were collected and identified morphologically; An. funestus (n = 613; 43.5%), An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.)(n = 293; 20.8%), Anopheles pretoriensis (n = 282; 20.0%), Anopheles maculipalpis (n = 130; 9.2%), Anopheles rufipes (n = 55; 3.9%), Anopheles coustani s.l. (n = 33; 2.3%), and Anopheles squamosus (n = 3, 0.2%). Anopheles funestus sensu stricto (s.s.) (n = 144; 91.1%) and Anopheles arabiensis (n = 77; 77.0%) were the dominant species within the An. funestus group and An. gambiae complex, respectively. Overall, outdoor CDC-LTs captured more Anopheles mosquitoes (mean = 2.25, 95% CI 1.22-3,28) than indoor CDC-LTs (mean = 2.13, 95% CI 1.54-2.73). Fewer resting mosquitoes were collected with PSC (mean = 0.44, 95% CI 0.24-0.63). Sporozoite infectivity rates for An. funestus, An. arabiensis and An. rufipes were 2.5%, 0.57% and 9.1%, respectively. Indoor entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) for An. funestus s.s, An. arabiensis and An. rufipes were estimated at 4.44, 1.15 and 1.20 infectious bites/person/year respectively. Outdoor EIRs for An. funestus s.s. and An. rufipes at 7.19 and 4.31 infectious bites/person/year, respectively.
conclusionThe findings of this study suggest that An. rufipes may play an important role in malaria transmission alongside An. funestus s.s. and An. arabiensis in the study location.
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