ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
New perspectives on the induction and acceleration of immune-associated thrombosis by PF4 and VWF.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-omics and genetic prioritization identify candidate molecular links between micro- and nanoplastics-associated signatures and chronic kidney disease.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Generation and single-cell characterization of functional megakaryocytes derived from umbilical cord blood.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- The hidden threat: understanding anti-PF4 disorders without proximate heparin exposure.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Human and mouse platelet transcriptomes and proteomes for phenotyping 3474 genes with hemostatic and platelet traits.Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis · 2025Article
- Endothelial cell activation enhances thromboinflammation in vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Sex-specific activation of platelet purinergic signaling is key in local cytokine release and phagocytosis in the peritoneal cavity in intra-abdominal sepsis.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Article
- Masterful macrophages: understanding and targeting activation dysfunction in diabetic wounds.Burns & trauma · 2025Review
- Advances in our understanding of anti-PF4 related immunothrombosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Acquired Hemophilia A after SARS-CoV-2 Immunization: A Narrative Review of a Rare Side Effect.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Effects of PCSK9 on thrombosis and haemostasis in a variety of metabolic states: Lipids and beyond (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Serum Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, α 1-Acid Glycoprotein, C-Reactive Protein, and Platelet Factor 4 Levels-Promising Molecules That Can Complete the "Puzzle" of the Biochemical Milieu in Severe Burns: Preliminary Results of a Cohort Prospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- In platelet single donor apheresis, platelet factor 4 levels correlated with donor's age and decreased during storage.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Proteomics Clustering Research of ITRAQ Markers in Plasma of AIDS Patients with Different Chinese Medicine Syndromes.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Article
- Dynamic molecular choreography induced by acute heat exposure in human males: a longitudinal multi-omics profiling study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The role of CXCL family members in different diseases.Cell death discovery · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (PF4), also known as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4), is a specific protein synthesized from platelet α particles. The combination of PF4 and heparin to form antigenic complexes is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), but vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) related to the COVID-19 vaccine makes PF4 a research hotspot again. Similar to HIT, vaccines, bacteria, and other non-heparin exposure, PF4 can interact with negatively charged polyanions to form immune complexes and participate in thrombosis. These anions include cell surface mucopolysaccharides, platelet polyphosphates, DNA from endothelial cells, or von Willebrand factor (VWF). Among them, PF4-VWF, as a new immune complex, may induce and promote the formation of immune-associated thrombosis and is expected to become a new target and therapeutic direction. For both HIT and VITT, there is no effective and targeted treatment except discontinuation of suspected drugs. The research and development of targeted drugs based on the mechanism of action have become an unmet clinical need. Here, this study systematically reviewed the characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms of PF4 and VWF, elaborated the potential mechanism of action of PF4-VWF complex in immune-associated thrombosis, summarized the current status of new drug research and development for PF4 and VWF, and discussed the possibility of this complex as a potential biomarker for early immune-associated thrombosis events. Moreover, the key points of basic research and clinical evaluation are put forward in the study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.