ArticleFrontiers in ophthalmology2022
ON and OFF Signaling Pathways in the Retina and the Visual System.
Article in Frontiers in ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Interpretation of Electroretinography (ERG) Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Current knowledge of intermittent photic stimulation for electroencephalography in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Review
- Wavelength-Dependent Negative/Positive Photoresponse and Infrared Polarization Sensitivity of Two-Dimensional PdSeSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Diverse Role of ipRGCs in Visual Perception Beyond Non-Image-Forming Functions.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Inhibitory Circuits Can Restore OFF Pathway Responses in Retinal Prostheses.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Rod photoreceptors control the ON vs OFF polarity of cone-signaling neurons.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Macaque LGN Neurons Reveals Novel Subpopulations.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Cortical thickness and volume alterations in patients with high myopia: a magnetic resonance imaging study.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- The effects of optic nerve sheath fenestration on visual function and OCT metrics in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a retrospective study.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Ge-Based Visible-Infrared Bipolar Floating-Gate Phototransistor for Broad-Spectrum Retinal Bionics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Optogenetic vision restoration in the face of secondary and tertiary remodeling in the rd1 mouse retina.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Emergence of sparse coding, balance and decorrelation from a biologically-grounded spiking neural network model of learning in the primary visual cortex.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Genetic Loss of VGLUT1 Alters Histogenesis of Retinal Glutamatergic Cells and Reveals Dynamic Expression of VGLUT2 in Cones.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- From Neurotransmission to Retinal Pathophysiology: Unraveling the Role of GABA Receptors in Retinal Disease Progression.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Divergent mechanisms of neural adaptation and instability in the mammalian retina.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Visual Neuroplasticity: Modulating Cortical Excitability with Flickering Light Stimulation.Journal of imaging · 2025Article
- Asymmetric activation of retinal ON and OFF pathways by AOSLO raster-scanned visual stimuli.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- A Bio-Inspired Learning Dendritic Motion Detection Framework with Direction-Selective Horizontal Cells.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Window to the Brain-The Enduring Impact of Vision Research.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Visual processing starts at the retina of the eye, and signals are then transferred primarily to the visual cortex and the tectum. In the retina, multiple neural networks encode different aspects of visual input, such as color and motion. Subsequently, multiple neural streams in parallel convey unique aspects of visual information to cortical and subcortical regions. Bipolar cells, which are the second order neurons of the retina, separate visual signals evoked by light and dark contrasts and encode them to ON and OFF pathways, respectively. The interplay between ON and OFF neural signals is the foundation for visual processing for object contrast which underlies higher order stimulus processing. ON and OFF pathways have been classically thought to signal in a mirror-symmetric manner. However, while these two pathways contribute synergistically to visual perception in some instances, they have pronounced asymmetries suggesting independent operation in other cases. In this review, we summarize the role of the ON-OFF dichotomy in visual signaling, aiming to contribute to the understanding of visual recognition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.