ArticleHardwareX2023
The K2: Open-source simultaneous triple-color TIRF microscope for live-cell and single-molecule imaging.
Article in HardwareX, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Single-molecule parallel analysis for rapid exploration of sequence space.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Simulating Multicolor Super-Resolution Imaging Using an RGB Camera.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Revealing plasma membrane protein dynamics in living plant cells with single-molecule tracking.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Article
- Open-source implementation of polarisation-resolved single-shot differential phase contrast microscopy (HardwareX · 2025Article
- Build and operation of a custom 3D, multicolor, single-molecule localization microscope.Nature protocols · 2024Review
- Correlative single-molecule and structured illumination microscopy of fast dynamics at the plasma membrane.Nature communications · 2024Article
- openFrame: A modular, sustainable, open microscopy platform with single-shot, dual-axis optical autofocus module providing high precision and long range of operation.Journal of microscopy · 2023Article
- Open hardware in microscopy.HardwareX · 2023Article
- Dual-color DNA-PAINT single-particle tracking enables extended studies of membrane protein interactions.Nature communications · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Imaging the dynamics and interactions of biomolecules at the single-molecule level in live cells and reconstituted systems has generated unprecedented knowledge about the biomolecular processes underlying many cellular functions. To achieve the speed and sensitivity needed to detect and follow individual molecules, these experiments typically require custom-built microscopes or custom modifications of commercial systems. The costs of such single-molecule microscopes, their technical complexity and the lack of open-source documentation on how to build custom setups therefore limit the accessibility of single-molecule imaging techniques. To advance the adaptation of dynamic single-molecule imaging by a wider community, we present the "K2": an open-source, simultaneous triple-color total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscope specifically designed for live-cell and single-molecule imaging. We explain our design considerations and provide step-by-step building instructions, parts list and full CAD models. The modular design of this TIRF microscope allows users to customize it to their scientific and financial needs, or to re-use parts of our design to improve the capabilities of their existing setups without necessarily having to build a full copy of the K2 microscope.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.