ArticleBiology of sex differences2023
Sex differences in fetal intracranial volumes assessed by in utero MR imaging.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reference-guided pseudotime inference across species and biological contexts.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Associations between postnatal cerebral oxygen availability and utilization in very to late preterm infants and neurodevelopmental outcome.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
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- A Prospective Multi-Institutional Study Comparing the Brain Development in the Third Trimester between Opioid-Exposed and Nonexposed Fetuses Using Advanced Fetal MR Imaging Techniques.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2024Article
- Comparing a common clavicle maturation-based age estimation method to ordinary regression analyses with quadratic and sex-specific interaction terms in adolescents.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Sex differences in normal fetal regional brain apparent diffusion coefficient changes assessed byFrontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Correction: Sex differences in fetal intracranial volumes assessed by in utero MR imaging.Biology of sex differences · 2023Article
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of MRI-based sex differences in the human fetal brain.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe primary aim of the study is to test the null hypothesis that there are no statistically significant differences in intracranial volumes between male and female fetuses. Furthermore, we have studied the symmetry of the cerebral hemispheres in the cohort of low-risk fetuses.
methods200 normal fetuses between 18 and 37 gestational weeks (gw) were included in the cohort and all had in utero MR, consisting of routine and 3D-volume imaging. The surfaces of the cerebral ventricles, brain and internal table of the skull were outlined manually and volume measurements were obtained of ventricles (VV), brain parenchyma (BPV), extraaxial CSF spaces (EAV) and the total intracranial volume (TICV). The changes in those values were studied over the gestational range, along with potential gender differences and asymmetries of the cerebral hemispheres.
resultsBPV and VV increased steadily from 18 to 37 gestational weeks, and as a result TICV also increased steadily over that period. TICV and BPV increased at a statistically significantly greater rate in male relative to female fetuses after 24gw. The greater VV in male fetuses was apparent earlier, but the rate of increase was similar for male and female fetuses. There was no difference between the genders in the left and right hemispherical volumes, and they remained symmetrical over the age range measured.
conclusionsWe have described the growth of the major intracranial compartments in fetuses between 18 and 37gw. We have shown a number of statistically different features between male and female fetuses, but we have not detected any asymmetry in volumes of the fetal cerebral hemispheres.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.