ArticleBMC psychiatry2023
Factors associated with postpartum depression symptoms among postpartum women in five countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Women's views and experiences of breastfeeding during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A systematic review of qualitative evidence.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: an umbrella review and meta-analyses.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Perceived health and postpartum depression among perinatal women: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Understanding mothers' lived experiences of postpartum depression: a qualitative phenomenological study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- A scoping study of postpartum mental health problems and associated factors: opportunities for research and practice.Discover mental health · 2025Review
- Unveiling the Mental Health of Postpartum Women During and After COVID-19: Analysis of Two Population-Based National Maternity Surveys in Romania (2020-2025).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association between infant feeding practices, COVID-19 related cognitive factors, and postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional online study in Thailand.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The impact of the early COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health during pregnancy and postpartum.PloS one · 2024Article
- Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression in women in Kosovo.Women's health (London, England)Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to examine factors associated with postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among postpartum women in five countries, a subject that has not been investigated thus far.
methodsA multi-country, cross-sectional, online survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 3,523 postpartum women in Brazil, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United Kingdom, from July to November 2021. Sociodemographic and obstetric data, food insecurity, COVID-19 positive status, COVID-19 vaccination, infant feeding, breastfeeding belief score, and social support were investigated. PPD and social support were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Maternal Social Support Scale, respectively. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and t-tests were used to identify associations with PPD symptoms. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify explanatory factors associated with PPD and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
resultsWomen in Taiwan (AOR = 0.5; 95%CI 0.34, 0.73) and Thailand (AOR = 0.68; 95%CI 0.46, 0.99) had a lower risk of PPD symptoms than those in Brazil. In addition, women with planned pregnancies had a lower risk of PPD (AOR = 0.74; 95%CI 0.60, 0.91). Younger women (AOR = 1.62; 95%CI 1.05, 2.51), health problems during pregnancy, delivery, or postpartum (AOR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.42, 2.06), and no change or worse food insecurity during COVID-19 (AOR = 1.66; 95%CI 1.21, 1.27 for no change and AOR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.27, 1.23, respectively) presented a higher likelihood of having PPD. Feeding babies with expressed human milk (AOR = 1.25; 95%CI 1.03, 1.50) and/or complementary food (AOR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.17, 1.94) were associated with PPD symptoms. Women who received low (AOR = 7.74; 95%CI 5.43, 11.03) or medium support (AOR = 3.25; 95%CI 2.71, 3.88) had higher likelihoods of PPD.
conclusionPPD symptoms during the pandemic were high in young women, particularly Brazilian women, with health problems in the puerperal pregnancy cycle who fed their babies expressed breast milk and/or complementary food. Low social support also impacted PPD symptoms. This study highlights the need for the professional screening for PPD and provision of virtual or personal support.
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