ArticlePloS one2023
Maternal characteristics associated with referral to obstetrician-led care in low-risk pregnant women in the Netherlands: A retrospective cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Birth Outcomes After Sexual Violence and the Role of Disclosure to the Maternity Care Provider.Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Differences in maternal and perinatal outcomes between Dutch and non-Western women in a midwife-led care setting: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
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5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn the Netherlands, maternity care is divided into midwife-led care (for low-risk women) and obstetrician-led care (for high-risk women). Referrals from midwife-led to obstetrician-led care have increased over the past decade. The majority of women are referred during their pregnancy or labour. Referrals are based on a continuous risk assessment of the health and characteristics of mother and child, yet referral for non-medical factors and characteristics remain unclear. This study investigated which maternal characteristics are associated with women's referral from midwife-led to obstetrician-led care. MATERIALS AND
methodsA retrospective cohort study in one midwife-led care practice in the Netherlands included 1096 low-risk women during January 2015-17. The primary outcomes were referral from midwife-led to obstetrician-led care in (1) the antepartum period and (2) the intrapartum period. In total, 11 maternal characteristics were identified. Logistic regression models of referral in each period were fitted and stratified by parity.
resultsIn the antepartum period, referral among nulliparous women was associated with an older maternal age (aOR, 1.07; 95%CI, 1.05-1.09), being underweight (0.45; 0.31-0.64), overweight (2.29; 1.91-2.74), or obese (2.65; 2.06-3.42), a preconception period >1 year (1.34; 1.07-1.66), medium education level (0.76; 0.58-1.00), deprivation (1.87; 1.54-2.26), and sexual abuse (1.44; 1.14-1.82). Among multiparous women, a referral was associated with being underweight (0.40; 0.26-0.60), obese (1.61; 1.30-1.98), a preconception period >1 year (1.71; 1.27-2.28), employment (1.38; 1.19-1.61), deprivation (1.23; 1.03-1.46), highest education level (0.63; 0.51-0.80), psychological problems (1.24; 1.06-1.44), and one or multiple consultations with an obstetrician (0.68; 0.58-0.80 and 0.64; 0.54-0.76, respectively). In the intrapartum period, referral among nulliparous women was associated with an older maternal age (1.02; 1.00-1.05), being underweight (1.67; 1.15-2.42), a preconception period >1 year (0.42; 0.31-0.57), medium or high level of education (2.09; 1.49-2.91 or 1.56; 1.10-2.22, respectively), sexual abuse (0.46; 0.33-0.63), and multiple consultations with an obstetrician (1.49; 1.15-1.94). Among multiparous women, referral was associated with an older maternal age (1.02; 1.00-1.04), being overweight (0.65; 0.51-0.83), a preconception period >1 year (0.33; 0.17-0.65), non-Dutch ethnicity (1.98; 1.61-2.45), smoking (0.75; 0.57-0.97), sexual abuse (1.49; 1.09-2.02), and one or multiple consultations with an obstetrician (1.34; 1.06-1.70 and 2.09; 1.63-2.69, respectively).
conclusionsThis exploratory study showed that several non-medical maternal characteristics of low-risk pregnant women are associated with referral from midwife-led to obstetrician-led care, and how these differ by parity and partum period.
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