ArticleBrain structure & function2023
Brain areas activated during visual learning in the cichlid fish Pseudotropheus zebra.
Article in Brain structure & function, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain Morphology and Quantitative Assessment of Sensory Brain Areas in Southern Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus maccoyii (Scombridae, Teleostei).The Journal of comparative neurology · 2026Article
- The incomparable fascination of comparative physiology: 40 years with animals in the field and laboratory.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2024Article
- Evolution of the visual system in ray-finned fishes.Visual neuroscience · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The neural correlates of most cognitive functions in fish are unknown. This project aimed to identify brain regions involved in visual learning in the cichlid fish Pseudotropheus zebra. The expression of the protein pS6 was measured in 19 brain areas and compared between groups of individuals subjected to four different behavioral contexts (control, avoidance, trained, and novelty groups). Control group individuals were sacrificed with minimal interactions. Fish in the avoidance group were chased with a net for an hour, after which they were sacrificed. Individuals in the trained group received daily training sessions to associate a visual object with a food reward. They were sacrificed the day they reached learning criterion. Fish in the novelty group were habituated to one set of visual stimuli, then faced a change in stimulus type (novelty stimulus) before they were sacrificed. Fish in the three treatment groups showed the largest activation of pS6 in the inferior lobes and the tectum opticum compared to the control group. The avoidance group showed additional activation in the preoptic area, several telencephalic regions, the torus semicircularis, and the reticular formation. The trained group that received a food reward, showed additional activation of the torus lateralis, a tertiary gustatory center. The only area that showed strong activation in all three treatment groups was the nucleus diffusus situated within the inferior lobe. The inferior lobe receives prominent visual input from the tectum via the nucleus glomerulosus but so far, nothing is known about the functional details of this pathway. Our study showed for the first time that the inferior lobes play an important role in visual learning and object recognition.
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