ArticleActa parasitologica2023
Embryonic Development of Pediculus humanus capitis: Morphological Update and Proposal of New External Markers for the Differentiation Between Early, Medium, and Late Eggs.
Article in Acta parasitologica, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated factors of head lice infestation among primary school children in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Morphological discrimination of human lice (Anoplura: Pediculidae) by eggs' cap-like operculum.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThe head louse Pediculus humanus capitis is a cosmopolitan ectoparasite that causes pediculosis. In the study of human lice, little research focuses on embryonic development. Currently, external markers of embryonic development represent a new approach in the evaluation of ovicidal drugs. The objective of this work was to update the morphology of embryonic development and propose novel external markers to differentiate between early, medium, or late P. h. capitis eggs.
methodsUsing stereoscopic light microscopy, we describe the morphological characteristics of P. h. capitis eggs with a special focus on embryonic development.
resultsThe morphological analysis of the eggs revealed the presence of an operculum with ten aeropyles, although no micropyles were observed. For the first time, the presence of defective eggs that were non-viable due to the apparent absence of yolk granules was documented. The early eggs presented yolk granules and developing germ bands, while the medium eggs presented an embryonic rudiment and the outlines of the eyes and limbs. In late eggs, the head with eyes and antennae, the thorax with three pairs of legs, and the abdomen with six pairs of spiracles were observed as formed structures. At the end of this stage, the embryos acquired the morphology of the nymph I stage.
conclusionWe propose novel biomarkers (e.g., the presence of spiracles and antennae, the proportion of the egg occupied by the embryo) to facilitate the differentiation between the developmental stages. The updated morphological characteristics of P. h. capitis eggs facilitate the standardization of toxicological tests in the quest for ovicidal drugs.
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