Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36919770›Full record

ArticleRheumatology (Oxford, England)2023

Mortality estimates and excess mortality in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rachel J Black, Susan Lester, Joanna Tieu, Premarani Sinnathurai, Claire Barrett, Rachelle Buchbinder, Marissa Lassere, Lyn March, Susanna M Proudman, Catherine L Hill

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Observational
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Rachel J BlackDiscipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6600-7430
Susan LesterDiscipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Joanna TieuDiscipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Premarani SinnathuraiNorthern Clinical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-8142-1274
Claire BarrettRheumatology Department, Redcliffe Hospital, Redcliffe, QLD, Australia.
Rachelle BuchbinderSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourse, VIC, Australia.
Marissa LassereSchool of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Lyn MarchNorthern Clinical School, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Susanna M ProudmanDiscipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Catherine L HillDiscipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo determine long-term (20 year) survival in RA patients enrolled in the Australian Rheumatology Association Database (ARAD).

methodsARAD patients with RA and data linkage consent who were diagnosed from 1995 onwards were included. Death data were obtained through linkage to the Australian National Death Index. Results were compared with age-, gender- and calendar year-matched Australian population mortality rates. Analysis included both the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and relative survival models. Restricted mean survival time (RMST) at 20 years was calculated as a measure of life lost. Cause-specific SMRs (CS-SMRs) were estimated for International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision cause of death classifications.

resultsA total of 1895 RA patients were included; 74% were female, baseline median age 50 years (interquartile range 41-58), with 204 deaths. There was no increase in mortality over the first 10 years of follow up, but at 20 years the SMR was 1.49 (95% CI 1.30, 1.71) and the relative survival was 94% (95% CI 91, 97). The difference between observed (18.41 years) and expected (18.68 years) RMST was 4 months. Respiratory conditions were an important underlying cause of death in RA, primarily attributable to pneumonia [CS-SMR 5.2 (95% CI 2.3, 10.3)] and interstitial lung disease [CS-SMR 7.6 (95% CI 3.0, 14.7)], however, coronary heart disease [CS-SMR 0.82 (95% CI 0.42, 1.4)] and neoplasms [CS-SMR 1.2 (95% CI 0.89, 1.5)] were not.

conclusionMortality risk in this RA cohort accrues over time and is moderately increased at 20 years of follow-up. Respiratory diseases may have supplanted cardiovascular diseases as a major contributor to this mortality gap.

Indexed as

Arthritis, RheumatoidCardiovascular DiseasesRespiratory Tract DiseasesAustraliaCause of DeathFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedepidemiologymortalityRAregistry data

Identifiers

PMID36919770
PMCPMC10629787

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.