Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36919522›Full record

ArticleGut microbes

Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives.

Daniel Merenstein, Bruno Pot, Gregory Leyer, Arthur C Ouwehand, Geoffrey A Preidis, Christopher A Elkins, Colin Hill, Zachery T Lewis, Andi L Shane, Niv Zmora and 7 more

Full text read
In one paragraph

Article in Gut microbes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 248 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
248citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

248 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Nutrients · 2025
    Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Beyond Probiotics: Postbiotics for Healthy Aquaculture.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

188 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Daniel MerensteinDepartment of Family Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8808-6907
Bruno PotYakult Europe BV, Almere, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5995-6929
Gregory LeyerScientific Affairs, Chr. Hansen, Milwaukee, WI, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1745-4343
Arthur C OuwehandGlobal Health & Nutrition Sciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Kantvik, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-8348-0633
Geoffrey A PreidisDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2206-6452
Christopher A ElkinsClinical and Environmental Microbiology Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6029-9812
Colin HillAPC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-8527-1445
Zachery T LewisSynbiotic Health Inc, Lincoln, NE, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7725-2869
Andi L ShaneDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory Children's Center, Atlanta, Georgia.ORCID 0000-0003-0606-7188
Niv ZmoraScientific consultant, Elinav Lab, Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv, Israel.ORCID 0000-0001-7928-316X
Mariya I PetrovaWinclove Probiotics B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-0840-5294
Maria Carmen ColladoInstitute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6204-4864
Lorenzo MorelliDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0475-2712
Gina A MontoyaDepartment of Chemical Risk Assessment, Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2848-1339
Hania SzajewskaDepartment of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4596-2874
Daniel J TancrediDepartment of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3884-7907
Mary Ellen SandersInternational Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6321-3423

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Probiotics are used for both generally healthy consumers and in clinical settings. However, theoretical and proven adverse events from probiotic consumption exist. New probiotic strains and products, as well as expanding use of probiotics into vulnerable populations, warrants concise, and actionable recommendations on how to work toward their safe and effective use. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics convened a meeting to discuss and produce evidence-based recommendations on potential acute and long-term risks, risks to vulnerable populations, the importance for probiotic product quality to match the needs of vulnerable populations, and the need for adverse event reporting related to probiotic use. The importance of whole genome sequencing, which enables determination of virulence, toxin, and antibiotic resistance genes, as well as clear assignment of species and strain identity, is emphasized. We present recommendations to guide the scientific and medical community on judging probiotic safety.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeProbioticsAnti-Bacterial AgentsPrebioticsAnti-Bacterial AgentsPrebioticsantibiotic resistancegenome sequencingInternational Scientific Association for Probiotics and PrebioticsISAPPlive biotherapeutic productsmicrobiomemicrobiotanext-generation probioticsProbioticsafety

Identifiers

PMID36919522
PMCPMC10026873

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
measurements read6
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.