ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia2023
Clinical and epidemiological features of pediatric population hospitalized with COVID-19: a multicenter longitudinal study (March 2020-December 2021) from Pakistan.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): a systematic review.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Pooled it
- Severe, primary, and incidental COVID-19 in hospitalised children, South Africa: 2020-2023.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Age and geographic heterogeneity in COVID-19 outcomes among young children and parental practices in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Pediatric COVID-19: A Retrospective Study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Burden of COVID-19 in the Pediatric Population at Hospital Central de Maputo, Mozambique, October 2020 to October 2022.Viruses · 2024Article
- Burden of Respiratory Disease in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Experience from a PICU of a Tertiary Care Center in Pakistan.Critical care research and practice · 2024Article
- Unveiling the underside of COVID-19: a pediatric perspective from Pakistan.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: We aimed to explore the epidemiological, clinical, and phenotypic parameters of pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Pakistan. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study was conducted in five tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan from March 2020 to December 2021. Data on various epidemiological and clinical variables were collected using Case Report Forms (CRFs) adapted from the WHO COVID-19 clinical data platform at baseline and at monthly follow-ups for 3 months. Findings: A total of 1090 children were included. The median age was 5 years (Interquartile range 1-10), and the majority presented due to new signs/symptoms associated with COVID-19 (57.8%; n = 631), the most common being general and respiratory symptoms. Comorbidities were present in 417 (38.3%) children. Acute COVID-19 alone was found in 932 (85.5%) children, 81 (7.4%) had multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), 77 (7.0%) had overlapping features of acute COVID-19 and MIS-C, and severe disease was found in 775/1086 (71.4%). Steroids were given to 351 (32.2%) patients while 77 (7.1%) children received intravenous immunoglobulins. Intensive care unit (ICU) care was required in 334 (31.6%) patients, and 203 (18.3%) deaths were reported during the study period. The largest spike in cases and mortality was from July to September 2021 when the Delta variant first emerged. During the first and second follow-ups, 37 and 10 children expired respectively, and medical care after discharge was required in 204 (25.4%), 94 (16.6%), and 70 (13.7%) children respectively during each monthly follow-up. Interpretation: Our study highlights that acute COVID-19 was the major phenotype associated with high severity and mortality in children in Pakistan in contrast to what has been observed globally. Funding: The study was supported by the World Health Organization (WHO), which was involved in the study design but played no role in its analysis, writeup, or publication.
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