ArticleBMC women's health2023
Factors associated with late diagnosis of breast cancer in women in Togo, Sub-Saharan Africa.
Article in BMC women's health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stage at Diagnosis and Molecular Subtype Distribution of Breast Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Pooled it
- Late-stage diagnosis: The driving force behind high breast cancer mortality in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Care-seeking among hepatocellular carcinoma patients in Uganda: health system navigation and its impact on diagnosis and survival in a prospective case-cohort study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Delays in Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review.International journal of community based nursing and midwifery · 2026Review
- Late-Stage Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Ghana: Needs for Patient and Public Education.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2025Article
- Factors associated with late diagnosis of breast cancer among women in Botswana.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025Article
- Understanding delays in breast cancer diagnosis in Africa: Key insights and contributing factors.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Patient journey and timeliness of care for patients with breast cancer in Africa: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Perceived barriers to timely diagnosis among Iranian women diagnosed with advanced breast cancer: a qualitative study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Prevalence of presumptive clinical signs of breast cancer among women attending an early detection campaign in Lomé in 2023.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Breast cancer and cervical cancer: a comparison of the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast self-examination is associated with general self-care and cultural factors: a study from Tamil Nadu, India.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- From Incidence to Intervention: A Comprehensive Look at Breast Cancer in South Africa.Oncology and therapy · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with late diagnosis of breast cancer in Togolese women.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical purposes on cases of breast cancer in women in 2021, in Togo. The patients included in this study were women followed in the gynecology department for stages III and IV breast cancer.
resultsWe included 62 cases of breast cancer. The average age of the patients was 38.6 ± 12.5 years with extremes of 17 and 76 years. The breast nodule was the most common reason for consultation in 75.8% of cases. The histological types diagnosed were invasive carcinoma of non-specific type (58; 93.55%), mucinous carcinoma (3; 4.84%) and lobular carcinoma (1; 1.61%). For the stage of the cancer, 43 patients were stage III (69.4%) and 19 stage IV (30.6%). In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with late diagnosis of breast cancer were: fear of diagnosis (aOR = 1.29; p = 0.0014), long delay in diagnosis (aOR = 2.62; p = 0.0001) and failure to perform breast self-examination (aOR = 1.68; p = 0.0022).
conclusionThe fear of the diagnosis, the absence of self-examination of the breasts and the use of traditional treatment and self-medication in first intention constituted the essential factors of the late diagnosis of breast cancer. Strategies should be put in place at the national level to impact on these factors for an early diagnosis of breast cancer.
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