Testicular histopathology in rats co-exposed to heat and psychological stressors.

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of co-exposure to heat and psychological stressors on testicular tissue as one of the major male reproductive organs in rats. Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 10 animals each. The first group was exposed to heat stress (Temperature Humidity Index: 57.75 ± 3), the second group was exposed to three psychological stressors including strobe light ultrasonic sound, and tilting cage, and the third group was co-exposed to both heat and psychological stress daily. The order of exposure to various psychological stressors was randomized. Following the last day of the 40 -day exposure, the rats were euthanized and their testicular tissues were fixed in Bouin's solution. Moreover, a tissue processor, a microtome as well as hematoxylin, and eosin staining were used for tissue preparation. Results: The co-exposure to psychological and heat stress can cause negative testis histopathological changes including spermatid retention, degeneration of round spermatids and spermatocytes, degeneration and depletion of elongated Spermatid, Sertoli cell status, tubular degeneration/atrophy, Leydig cell atrophy, tubular dilatation, re-tubular dilation, and sclerosis status in a number of rats. Moreover, the histopathological changes were higher in the group exposed to heat stress compared with those exposed to psychological stress. Conclusions: Although exposure to either stressor alone can affect testicular tissue as part of the reproductive system, co-exposure to both stressors may result in an increased risk of adverse effects on testicular tissue.