ArticleHeliyon2023
Prospective study examining the probability of cerebral fat embolism based on magnetic resonance imaging.
Article in Heliyon, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Atypical cerebral fat embolism syndrome in an elderly patient with comorbidities following fracture: A case report.Medicine · 2026Article
- Advances and uncertainties in fat embolism syndrome: a review.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2026Review
- Micro-Embolic Events and Their Clearing in the Brain. A Narrative Review.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Cerebral fat embolism (CFE) is a rare syndrome caused by the embolization of fat particles into the brain circulation. This prospective single-center observational study investigated the incidence of CFE in long-bone or pelvic fractures based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of CFE by MRI findings with or without symptoms suggestive of CFE. Methods: Eligible patients were consecutive, aged 15 years or older, with high-energy traumas, including pelvic or femur fractures. Excluded patients were those who died, could not undergo MRI resulting from medical conditions, or had insufficient mental capacity and no consultee to provide consent. The MRI was scheduled within 4 weeks of the injury, and the images were reviewed by one of the three neuroradiologists who were unaware of the patient's clinical information. Patient data regarding demographics, preceding trauma, injury severity score (ISS), presentation and examination timing of MRI, management including surgery, and outcome were collected. Results: Sixty-two patients were recruited, and three patients were excluded. All patients were injured by blunt trauma. The median patient age was 44 years. The median ISS was 13, and 53 patients needed surgical fixation. There were 22 patients with long-bone fractures, all of whom received external fixation or intramedullary nailing on admission day. MRI was performed after a median hospital day of 18 days. Using MRI imaging, three (5.0%) patients were diagnosed with CFE, and three patients were suspected of CFE. Conclusions: This is the first study to prospectively examine the probability of CFE based on MRI. Since fat embolism syndrome (FES) is confirmed in patients without clinical symptoms, CFE may be more common in patients with trauma than currently believed. Therefore, studies to determine the diagnostic criteria combined with symptoms, MRI, or other objective findings are required in the future.
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Registered trials
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