Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36915450›Full record

ArticleJournal of gastrointestinal oncology2023

Time-trends in liver cancer incidence and mortality rates in the U.S. from 1975 to 2017: a study based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Zhicheng Yao, Cao Dai, Jiawei Yang, Mingxing Xu, Hongyu Meng, Xueqiao Hu, Nan Lin

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of gastrointestinal oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  13. Claudin 18 immunohistochemistry in cholangiocarcinoma.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Zhicheng YaoDepartment of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Cao DaiDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Jiawei YangDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Mingxing XuDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Hongyu MengDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Xueqiao HuDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Nan LinDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Sun Yat-sen University · CNThird Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: A previous study has examined the overall cancer statistics. However, more detailed statistics regarding liver cancer have not been provided. We evaluated the incidence and mortality trends of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer in the United States from 1975 to 2017 based on the data in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods: Age, gender, race, metastasis, tumor site, and tumor grade of patients were extracted from the SEER database. Codes C22.0 and C22.1 of the International Classification of Disease for Oncology were applied to identify patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and/or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Age-specified incidence, age-standardized incidence and mortality, 5-year relative survival, race-specific accumulative incidence and mortality, and geographic-specific accumulative mortality were calculated in different groups. Changes in trends of liver cancer incidence and mortality were assessed using Joinpoint regression. Results: The overall incidence increased significantly from 2.641/100,000 person-years in 1975 to 8.657/100,000 person-years in 2017 [average annual percent change (AAPC) =3.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.28-3.62, P<0.001]. The steepest incidence rate increase was observed in the 60-69-year-old age group (AAPC =4.40, 95% CI: 4.10-4.70, P<0.001). Males exhibited a more rapid increase in cancer incidence, from 3.928/100,000 to 13.128/100,000 person-years (AAPC =3.41, 95% CI: 3.21-3.61, P<0.001), than females [from 1.642/100,000 to 4.783/100,000 person-years (AAPC =3.03, 95% CI: 2.91-3.21, P=0.001)]. The overall mortality rate increased from 2.808/100,000 person-years in 1975 to 6.648/100,000 person-years in 2017 (AAPC =2.41, 95% CI: 2.29-2.51, P<0.001). The highest mortality rate was observed in Hawaii (6.996/100,000 person-years). Conclusions: The incidence and mortality rates of HCC and ICC increased from 1975 to 2017, especially in males, non-Hispanic Blacks and older individuals. Comprehensive policy and control measures should be implemented to reduce the burden of disease, particularly through health monitoring and intervention for high-risk groups.

Indexed as

incidenceLiver cancermortalitytrend analysis

Identifiers

PMID36915450
PMCPMC10007921
OpenAlexW4321609442

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.