ArticleJournal of anatomy2023
Unique morphological architecture of the hamstring muscles and its functional relevance revealed by analysis of isolated muscle specimens and quantification of structural parameters.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of a 6-Week Home-Based High- or Regular-Volume Static Stretching or Hamstring Resistance Exercise in Young Men with Hamstring Tightness.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2026Trial
- Effect of 12-week dynamic stretching of hamstrings on joint flexibility and musculoskeletal properties.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Velocity-Dependent Stress Changes in the Hamstring Muscle-Tendon Complex: A Study Using Human Cadavers.Translational sports medicine · 2026Article
- Structural re-evaluation of the human gluteus maximus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Maximal isometric and eccentric hamstring strength is influenced by body mass and additional load: Does the critical point at which peak knee flexor force is achieved play a role?Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Re-evaluation of the orbicularis oculi muscle as revealed by the analysis of isolated muscle specimens.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2024Article
- Anatomical Relationships of the Proximal Attachment of the Hamstring Muscles with Neighboring Structures: From Ultrasound, Anatomical and Histological Findings to Clinical Implications.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The relationship between muscle thickness and pennation angle is mediated by fascicle length in the muscles of the lower extremities.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The three layered structure of orbicularis oris and buccinator complex with partial connection at the modiolus and partial direct continuation.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2024Article
- Muscle-inspired bi-planar cable routing: a novel framework for designing cable driven lower limb rehabilitation exoskeletons (C-LREX).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Unique morphological architecture of the hamstring muscles and its functional relevance revealed by analysis of isolated muscle specimens and quantification of structural parameters.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Relationship between shear elastic modulus and passive muscle force in human hamstring muscles using a Thiel soft-embalmed cadaver.Journal of medical ultrasonics (2001) · 2023Article
- Can we rebuild what has been taken? A narrative review of biological and functional consequences of hamstring tendon harvest in ACL surgery.Science progressReview
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The structural and functional differences of individual hamstrings have not been sufficiently evaluated. This study aimed to clarify the morphological architecture of the hamstrings including the superficial tendons in detail using isolated muscle specimens, together with quantification of structural parameters of the muscle. Sixteen lower limbs of human cadavers were used in this study. The semimembranosus (SM), semitendinosus (ST), biceps femoris long head (BFlh), and biceps femoris short head (BFsh) were dissected from cadavers to prepare isolated muscle specimens. Structural parameters, including muscle volume, muscle length, fiber length, sarcomere length, pennation angle, and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) were measured. In addition, the proximal and distal attachment areas of the muscle fibers were measured, and the proximal/distal area ratio was calculated. The SM, ST, and BFlh were spindle-shaped with the superficial origin and insertion tendons on the muscle surface, and the BFsh was quadrate with direct attachment to the skeleton and BFlh tendon. The muscle architecture was pennate in the four muscles. The four hamstrings possessed either of two types of structural parameters, one with shorter fiber length and larger PCSA, as in the SM and BFlh, and the other with longer fiber length and smaller PCSA, as in the ST and BFsh. Sarcomere length was unique in each of the four hamstrings, and thus the fiber length was suitably normalized using the average sarcomere length for each, instead of uniform length of 2.7 μm. The proximal/distal area ratio was even in the SM, large in the ST, and small in the BFsh and BFlh. This study clarified that the superficial origin and insertion tendons are critical determinants of the unique internal structure and structural parameters representing the functional properties of the hamstring muscles.
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