ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2023
Food Insufficiency, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Status, and 9-Year Trajectory of Cognitive Function in Older Adults: The Longitudinal National Health and Aging Trends Study, 2012-2020.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Food assistance programs serve the majority of low-income, homebound older adults, yet food insecurity remains.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- Associations between mid-life and later-life food insecurity on probable dementia in a national sample of United States adults.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Reply to: When One Is Not Enough: Multi-Program Needs in Older Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Longitudinal food insecurity patterns and cognitive performance among midlife Latina women: Findings from the CHAMACOS Maternal Cognition Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Health and environmental evidence, challenges, and sustainable strategies of Planetary Health Diet: A mixed-methods review.Eco-Environment & Health · 2026Review
- Article
- Association Between Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participation and Cognitive Decline Among Older Americans: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Food insecurity and cognitive domains among older United States adults: Findings from the health and retirement study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Disparities in neighborhood food environment and cognitive decline among US older adults: a cohort study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Associations between low food security and subjective memory complaints among Latino adults.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Mid-Life Household Food Insecurity and Subsequent Memory Function and Rate of Decline in Rural South Africa, 2004-2022.Neuroepidemiology · 2025Article
- Predictive value of nutritional status and serological indicators in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment.World journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- A Lack of Food for Thought: Midlife Food Insecurity and Its Association With Subsequent Cognitive Ability of Older Americans.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Food Insecurity and Dementia Risk in U.S. Older Adults: Evidence From the 2013-2021 Panel Study of Income Dynamics.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Food sufficiency status and sleep outcomes in older adults: the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS).Nutrition journal · 2024Article
- Late-life food insecurity and cognition: exploring timing, duration, and mechanisms among older Mexican adults.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Associations of Food Insecurity and Memory Function Among Middle to Older-Aged Adults in the Health and Retirement Study.JAMA network open · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite findings from cross-sectional studies, how food insecurity experience/Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) status relates to cognitive decline over time has not been fully understood.
objectivesWe aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between food insecurity/SNAP status and cognitive function in older adults (≥65 y).
methodsLongitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study 2012-2020 were analyzed (n = 4578, median follow-up years = 5 y). Participants reported food insecurity experience (5-item) and were classified as food sufficient (FS, no affirmative answer) and food insufficient (FI, any affirmative answer). The SNAP status was defined as SNAP participants, SNAP eligible nonparticipants (≤200% Federal Poverty Line, FPL), and SNAP ineligible nonparticipants (>200% FPL). Cognitive function was measured via validated tests in 3 domains, and the standardized domain-specific and combined cognitive function z-scores were calculated. Mixed-effect models with a random intercept were used to study how FI or SNAP status was associated with combined and domain-specific cognitive z-scores over time, adjusting for static and time-varying covariates.
resultsAt baseline, 96.3% of the participants were FS and 3.7% were FI. In a subsample (n = 2832), 10.8% were SNAP participants, 30.7% were SNAP eligible nonparticipants, and 58.6% were SNAP ineligible nonparticipants. Compared with the FS group in the adjusted model (FI vs. FS), FI was associated with faster decline in the combined cognitive function scores [-0.043 (-0.055, -0.032) vs. -0.033 (-0.035, -0.031) z-scores per year, P-interaction = 0.064]. Cognitive decline rates (z-scores per year) in the combined score were similar in SNAP participants (β = -0.030; 95% CI: -0.038, -0.022) and SNAP ineligible nonparticipants (β = -0.028; 95% CI: -0.032, -0.024), both of which were slower than the rate in SNAP eligible nonparticipants (β = -0.043; 95% CI: -0.048, -0.038; P-interaction < 0.0001).
conclusionsFood sufficiency and SNAP participation may be protective factors preventing accelerated cognitive decline in older adults.
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