ArticlePloS one2023
Leaving no one behind in health: Financial hardship to access health care in Ethiopia.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lived experiences and perceptions of social support in diabetes self-management among patients, families, and friends in Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Self-Medication with NSAIDs in Gondar city: prevalence, predictors, and public health implications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Inequity in access to medications among communities in Eastern Ethiopia: a decomposition analysis.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Catastrophic health expenditure and associated factors among adult diabetes patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Determinant factors of prolonged hospitalization in acute heart failure patients at Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Socioeconomic inequality in financial hardship in accessing quality healthcare services in Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Out-of-pocket and indirect expenditure of spina bifida and hydrocephalus patients admitted for inpatient treatment and follow-up at two university-affiliated hospitals in Ethiopia.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Article
- Insured-non-insured disparity of catastrophic health expenditure in Northwest Ethiopia: a multivariate decomposition analysis.Health economics review · 2024Article
- The burden of health expenditure on household impoverishment in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2024Article
- Comorbid depression among adults with heart failure in Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- The experience of people living with heart failure in Ethiopia: A qualitative descriptive study.PloS one · 2024Article
- A policy brief: improving access and utilization of adolescent sexual and reproductive health services in Southern Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFinancial hardship (of health care) is a global and a national priority area. All people should be protected from financial hardship to ensure inclusive better health outcome. However, financial hardship of healthcare has not been well studied in Ethiopia in general and in Debre Tabor town in particular. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence of financial hardship of healthcare and associated factors among households in Debre Tabor town.
methodsCommunity based cross sectional study was conducted, from May 24/2022 to June 17/2022, on 423 (selected through simple random sampling) households. Financial hardship was measured through catastrophic (using 10% threshold level) and impoverishing (using $1.90 poverty line) health expenditures. Patient perspective bottom up and prevalence based costing approach were used. Indirect cost was estimated through human capital approach. Bi-variable and multiple logistic regressions were used.
resultsThe response rate was 95%. The mean household annual healthcare expenditure was Ethiopian birr 12050.64 ($227.37). About 37.1% (95%CI: 32, 42%) of the households spend catastrophic health expenditure with a 10% threshold level and 10.4% of households were impoverished with $1.90 per day poverty line. Being old, with age above 60, (AOR: 4.21, CI: 1.23, 14.45), being non-insured (AOR: 2.19, CI: 1.04, 4.62), chronically ill (AOR: 7.20, CI: 3.64, 14.26), seeking traditional healthcare (AOR: 2.63, CI: 1.37. 5.05) and being socially unsupported (AOR: 2.77, CI: 1.25, 6.17) were statistically significant factors for catastrophic health expenditure.
conclusionThe study showed that significant number of households was not yet protected from financial hardship of healthcare. The financial hardship of health care is stronger among the less privileged populations: non-insured, the chronically diseased, the elder and socially unsupported. Therefore, financial risk protection strategies should be strengthened by the concerned bodies.
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