ArticlePloS one2023
Health facility readiness to provide antenatal care (ANC) and non-communicable disease (NCD) services in Nepal and Bangladesh: Analysis of facility-based surveys.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antenatal care service readiness and associated factors in health facilities across Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal: a comparative analysis.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Critical Gaps in Infection Prevention and Control in Somalia: Insights from the 2024 Nationwide Harmonized Health Facility Assessment Data.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- A qualitative study to explore women's perceptions of pregnancy and antenatal care in Chizenga village, Chikwawa, Malawi.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Exploring factors affecting access to non-communicable disease medicines in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Service readiness of primary healthcare facilities for dengue management in Bagmati Province, Nepal: a mixed method study.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Availability and readiness of health facilities in Burkina Faso to provide antenatal care: trend analysis from 2012 to 2020.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Mental health service readiness in Nepal: Insights from the 2021 Nepal Health Facility Survey.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Trends in the quality of antenatal care in India: Patterns of change across 36 states and union territories, 1999-2021.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Article
- Personalizing Nutrition Strategies: Bridging Research and Public Health.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Trends and determinants of clustering for non-communicable disease risk factors in women of reproductive age in Nepal.PloS one · 2024Article
- Maternal Healthcare Services Utilisation and Its Associated Risk Factors: A Pooled Study of 37 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntenatal care (ANC) visits provide an important opportunity for diagnostic, preventive, and curative services for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) during pregnancy. There is an identified need for an integrated, system-wide approach to provide both ANC and NCD services to improve maternal and child health outcomes in the short and long term.
objectiveThis study assessed the readiness of health facilities to provide ANC and NCD services in Nepal and Bangladesh, identified as low-and middle-income countries.
methodThe study used data from national health facility surveys in Nepal (n = 1565) and Bangladesh (n = 512) assessing recent service provision under the Demographic and Health Survey programs. Using the WHO's service availability and readiness assessment framework, the service readiness index was calculated across four domains: staff and guidelines, equipment, diagnostic, and medicines and commodities. Availability and readiness are presented as frequency and percentages, while factors associated with readiness were examined using binary logistic regression.
resultsOf the facilities, 71% in Nepal, and 34% in Bangladesh reported offering both ANC and NCD services. The proportion of facilities which showed readiness for providing ANC and NCD services was 24% in Nepal and 16% in Bangladesh. Gaps in readiness were observed in the availability of trained staff, guidelines, basic equipment, diagnostics, and medicines. Facilities managed by the private sector or a Non-Governmental Organization, located in an urban area, with management systems to support the delivery of quality services were positively associated with readiness to provide both ANC and NCD services.
conclusionThere is a need to strengthen the health workforce by ensuring skilled personnel, having policy, guidelines and standards, and that diagnostics, medicines, and commodities are available/provided in health facilities. Management and administrative systems are also required, including supervision and staff training, to enable health services to provide integrated care at an acceptable level of quality.
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