ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2023
The bifurcation and topography of the posterior tibial artery within the tarsal tunnel.
Article in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anatomical characteristics and coordinate-based mapping of neurovascular structures within the ankle flexor retinaculum in Vietnamese cadavers.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2026Article
- Terminal branching pattern of posterior tibial artery in the tarsal tunnel: a cadaveric study with its clinical importance in medial ankle surgeries.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2026Article
- Age-related traumatic anatomy and personalized medial incision design for calcaneal fractures in older adults using three-dimensional mapping.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe tarsal tunnel (TT) is a fibro-osseous anatomical space coursing from the medial ankle to the medial midfoot. This tunnel acts as a passage for both tendinous and neurovascular structures, including the neurovascular bundle containing the posterior tibial artery (PTA), posterior tibial veins (PTVs) and tibial nerve (TN). Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is the entrapment neuropathy that describes the compression and irritation of the TN within this space. Iatrogenic injury to the PTA plays a significant role in both the onset and exacerbation of TTS symptoms. The current study aims to produce a method to allow clinicians and surgeons to easily and accurately predict the bifurcation of the PTA, to avoid iatrogenic injury during treatment of TTS.
methodsFifteen embalmed cadaveric lower limbs were dissected at the medial ankle region to expose the TT. Various measurements regarding the location of the PTA within the TT were recorded and multiple linear regression analysis performed using RStudio.
resultsAnalysis provided a clear correlation (p < 0.05) between the length of the foot (MH), length of hind-foot (MC) and location of bifurcation of the PTA (MB). Using these measurements, this study developed an equation (MB = 0.3*MH + 0.37*MC - 28.24 mm) to predict the location of bifurcation of the PTA within a 23° arc inferior to the medial malleolus.
conclusionsThis study successfully developed a method whereby clinicians and surgeons can easily and accurately predict the bifurcation of the PTA, to avoid iatrogenic injury that would previously lead to an exacerbation of TTS symptoms.
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