Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36912538›Full record

Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2023

Fifteen-Year Outcomes after Monitoring, Surgery, or Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer.

Freddie C Hamdy, Jenny L Donovan, J Athene Lane, Chris Metcalfe, Michael Davis, Emma L Turner, Richard M Martin, Grace J Young, Eleanor I Walsh, Richard J Bryant and 21 more

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 407 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
407citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
178.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02044172 naactive not recruitingnot on this map

The ProtecT Trial - Evaluating the Effectiveness of Treatments for Clinically Localised Prostate Cancer

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of OxfordRan2001 to 2027Enrolled82,849ConditionsProstate CancerArmsRadical prostatectomy, Conformal radiation therapy, Active monitoring
NCT07152067 phase2not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Stereotactic Focal Radiotherapy as an Alternative Treatment to Active Surveillance for Low and Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: a Multicentric Phase-II Randomized Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de LiegeRan2025 to 2033Enrolled146ConditionsMacroscopic Tumor Visualized at MRI, Tumor Size Allowing Partial Prostate Treatment Volume, CAPRA SCORE ≤5ArmsStereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

407 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 690 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. [European urology · 2026
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  15. Circadian Genotypes in PER3 and Time of Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy Interact to Affect Risk of Late Side Effects.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026
    Article
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  19. Review
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347 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

31 authors at 11 institutions in 5 countries.

Freddie C HamdyFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Jenny L DonovanFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
J Athene LaneFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Chris MetcalfeFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Michael DavisFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Emma L TurnerFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Richard M MartinFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Grace J YoungFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Eleanor I WalshFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Richard J BryantFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Prasad BollinaFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Andrew DobleFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Alan DohertyFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
David GillattFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Vincent GnanapragasamFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Owen HughesFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Roger KockelberghFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Howard KynastonFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Alan PaulFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Edgar PaezFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Philip PowellFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Derek J RosarioFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Edward RoweFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Malcolm MasonFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
James W F CattoFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).ORCID 0000-0003-2787-8828
Tim J PetersFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Jon OxleyFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
Naomi J WilliamsFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
John StaffurthFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
David E NealFrom the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford (F.C.H., R.J.B., D.E.N.), Population Health Sciences (J.L.D., J.A.L., C.M., M.D., E.L.T., R.M.M., G.J.Y., E.I.W., T.J.P., N.J.W.) and Bristol Trials Centre (J.A.L., C.M., G.J.Y.), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, the Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute (E.R.), and the Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust (J.O.), Bristol, the Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (P.B.), the Department of Urology (A. Doble) and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (V.G., D.E.N.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, the Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham (A. Doherty), the Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (O.H., H.K.), and the School of Medicine (M.M.) and the Division of Cancer and Genetics (J.S.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, the Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (R.K.), the Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds (A.P.), the Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (E.P., P.P.), and the Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital (D.J.R., J.W.F.C.), and the Academic Urology Unit, Medical School, University of Sheffield (J.W.F.C.), Sheffield - all in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Urological Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Macquarie University, Sydney (D.G.).
ProtecT Study Group
University of Bristol · GBAt Bristol · GBCardiff and Vale University Health Board · GBFreeman Hospital · GBRoyal Hallamshire Hospital · GBLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust · GBNorth Bristol NHS Trust · GBQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham · GBSouthmead Hospital · GBUniversity Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust · GBWestern General Hospital · GB

Funding

Cancer Research UK 15064Cancer Research UK 22748Cancer Research UK 24432Cancer Research UK 29019Cancer Research UK Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Program C18281/A29019National Institute for Health and Care ResearchOxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBetween 1999 and 2009 in the United Kingdom, 82,429 men between 50 and 69 years of age received a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. Localized prostate cancer was diagnosed in 2664 men. Of these men, 1643 were enrolled in a trial to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments, with 545 randomly assigned to receive active monitoring, 553 to undergo prostatectomy, and 545 to undergo radiotherapy.

methodsAt a median follow-up of 15 years (range, 11 to 21), we compared the results in this population with respect to death from prostate cancer (the primary outcome) and death from any cause, metastases, disease progression, and initiation of long-term androgen-deprivation therapy (secondary outcomes).

resultsFollow-up was complete for 1610 patients (98%). A risk-stratification analysis showed that more than one third of the men had intermediate or high-risk disease at diagnosis. Death from prostate cancer occurred in 45 men (2.7%): 17 (3.1%) in the active-monitoring group, 12 (2.2%) in the prostatectomy group, and 16 (2.9%) in the radiotherapy group (P = 0.53 for the overall comparison). Death from any cause occurred in 356 men (21.7%), with similar numbers in all three groups. Metastases developed in 51 men (9.4%) in the active-monitoring group, in 26 (4.7%) in the prostatectomy group, and in 27 (5.0%) in the radiotherapy group. Long-term androgen-deprivation therapy was initiated in 69 men (12.7%), 40 (7.2%), and 42 (7.7%), respectively; clinical progression occurred in 141 men (25.9%), 58 (10.5%), and 60 (11.0%), respectively. In the active-monitoring group, 133 men (24.4%) were alive without any prostate cancer treatment at the end of follow-up. No differential effects on cancer-specific mortality were noted in relation to the baseline PSA level, tumor stage or grade, or risk-stratification score. No treatment complications were reported after the 10-year analysis.

conclusionsAfter 15 years of follow-up, prostate cancer-specific mortality was low regardless of the treatment assigned. Thus, the choice of therapy involves weighing trade-offs between benefits and harms associated with treatments for localized prostate cancer. (Funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research; ProtecT Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN20141297; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02044172.).

Indexed as

Prostate-Specific AntigenProstatic NeoplasmsAgedAndrogen AntagonistsAndrogensFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedProstatectomyRadiotherapyRisk AssessmentWatchful WaitingAndrogen AntagonistsAndrogensProstate-Specific Antigen

Identifiers

PMID36912538
OpenAlexW4323928271

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.