ArticleNucleic acids research2023
DNA i-motif formation at neutral pH is driven by kinetic partitioning.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unmasking DNA Resonances by Suppression of Hyperpolarized Water.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- The cellular landscape of i-motifs: genomic insights, methodological challenges, and the road ahead.Genome biology · 2026Review
- High-throughput measurement and prediction of the i-motif DNA stability landscape.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Minor groove tetrads: a potent and versatile capping interaction for i-motif structures.Biophysical reviews · 2026Review
- Hyperpolarized NMR Reveals Low-Populated Folding Intermediates in DNA.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Enhanced i-Motif Stability through Consecutive 2',2'-Difluorocytidine Incorporation.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- PHASE SEPARATION TUNES THE STABILITY AND DYNAMICS OF G-QUADRUPLEX AND I-MOTIF DNA IN THE NUCLEI OF LIVING CELLS.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Spectroscopic studies of sequence-dependent conformational transitions in asymmetric G/C rich double-stranded DNA.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2025Article
- Effects of flanking regions on DNA i-motif folding and stability.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- i-Motif DNA molecular beacon for microRNA detection.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Thermodynamic control of gene regulation.QRB discovery · 2025Review
- Early Folding Dynamics of i-Motif DNA Revealed by pH-Jump Time-Resolved X-ray Solution Scattering.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- Article
- Decoding complexity in biomolecular recognition of DNA i-motifs with microarrays.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Shedding Light on the Photophysics and Photochemistry of I-Motifs Using Quantum Mechanical Calculations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytosine-rich DNA regions can form four-stranded structures based on hemi-protonated C.C+ pairs, called i-motifs (iMs). Using CD, UV absorption, NMR spectroscopy, and DSC calorimetry, we show that model (CnT3)3Cn (Cn) sequences adopt iM under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions for n > 3. However, the iMs are formed with long-lasting kinetics under these conditions and melt with significant hysteresis. Sequences with n > 6 melt in two or more separate steps, indicating the presence of different iM species, the proportion of which is dependent on temperature and incubation time. At ambient temperature, kinetically favored iMs of low stability are formed, most likely consisting of short C.C+ blocks. These species act as kinetic traps and prevent the assembly of thermodynamically favored, fully C.C+ paired iMs. A higher temperature is necessary to unfold the kinetic forms and enable their substitution by a slowly developing thermodynamic structure. This complicated kinetic partitioning process considerably slows down iM folding, making it much slower than the timeframes of biological reactions and, therefore, unlikely to have any biological relevance. Our data suggest kinetically driven iM species as more likely to be biologically relevant than thermodynamically most stable iM forms.
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