ArticleAnnals of Indian Academy of Neurology
FDG-PET in Autoimmune Encephalitis: Utility, Pattern of Abnormalities, and Correlation with Autoantibodies.
Article in Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Article
- Abnormal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Patterns in Patients with Neuropsychiatric Disorders Due to Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Comparative Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal changes in [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Clinical profile and treatment outcomes of patients with chronic presentations of autoimmune encephalitis: expanding the spectrum.BMJ neurology open · 2026Article
- Comparison ofEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Article
- Diagnosis and Subtyping of Autoimmune Encephalitis Using an Attention-Based Multi-Instance Learning Model: A Multi-CenterCNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis: A review of clinicopathologic hallmarks and multimodal imaging manifestations.World journal of radiology · 2024Review
- Autoimmune Encephalitis as a Rare Paraneoplastic Syndrome in Adrenocortical Carcinoma.Indian journal of nuclear medicine : IJNM : the official journal of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, IndiaArticle
- Autoimmune Encephalitis Pattern on PET-MRI in a Patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Indian journal of nuclear medicine : IJNM : the official journal of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, IndiaArticle
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in autoimmune encephalitis (AE) as an adjunctive investigation helps in characterizing the type of AE based on characteristic metabolic patterns. Objectives: We aimed to study the following: (i) the sensitivity of FDG-PET in the diagnosis of AE, (ii) describe abnormal patterns of metabolism of various subtypes of AE, and (iii) correlate serum serology with FDG-PET abnormalities. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital in South India. The demographic profile, clinical features, and investigations (FDG-PET, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain, electroencephalography (EEG), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)) were reviewed. The nuclear medicine physician performed blinded qualitative visual and semi-quantitative analysis of the 18-FDG-PET (fluorine 18-FDG-PET) findings of these patients. Results: Twenty-nine (M:F: 11:18) patients were recruited; among them, 22 (75.8%) patients had autoimmune antibodies; the rest seven (24.1%) patients were seronegative. Among the 22 seropositive patients, 9 (31%) patients were positive for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), 8 (28%) for anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI-1), 4 (14%) for anti-contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2), 1 (3%) for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-65, and rest 7 (24%) patients were seronegative. The patterns most commonly observed were isolated hypermetabolism (41%), isolated hypometabolism (41%), and combined hypermetabolism with hypometabolism (18%). The fraction of abnormalities was lower for MRI (17/22; 73.9%) than for FDG-PET (27/29; 93.1%). FDG-PET correlated with serology in 10 (34%) cases [NMDAR: 6 (60%) and LGI-1: 4 (40%)]. The sensitivity of FDG-PET was 94.1% when compared with MRI. Discussion and Conclusion: FDG-PET correlated with serology in only one-third of patients. The most consistent pattern in both seropositive and seronegative AE is characterized by parieto-occipital hypometabolism and fronto-temporal with basal ganglia hypermetabolism.
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