ReviewWorld neurosurgery: X2023
Incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury worldwide: A systematic review, data integration, and update.
Review in World neurosurgery: X, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06553469 (Efficacy of Sacral Nerve Modulation on Urinary and Defecation Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Sacral Nerve Modulation on Urinary and Defecation Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Shifting demographics, characteristics, and outcomes of traumatic spinal cord injury. A systematic review.Spinal cord · 2026Pooled it
- Life expectancy and long-term survival after traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Global incidence and characteristics of spinal cord injury since 2000-2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Are there missed warning signals before traffic-related traumatic spinal cord injury? An exploratory case-control study using electronic health records.Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES · 2026Article
- M2 polarization of macrophages: Manipulation of spinal cord injury repair.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Contemporary Review of Classification, Evaluation, and Acute Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical and Injury-Related Factors Associated with In-Hospital Complications After Traumatic Spinal Injury: A 7-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Ultra-early surgery within 12 hours is associated with improved short-term outcomes after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: A retrospective cohort study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Adapting international clinical practice guidelines for rehabilitation management of acute spinal cord injury in Iran.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2026Article
- The Impact of Respiratory Biofeedback on Anxiety Levels in Men with Incomplete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Article
- The top 100 most cited peer-reviewed publications on global neurosurgery: Mapping research trends and gaps over four decades.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Review
- Predicting Low and Non-Responders and Outliers in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Mitophagy: A key regulator in the pathophysiology and treatment of spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in Chronic Incomplete Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Phase I/II Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Multicentre Trial.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Perioperative inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers for predicting venous thromboembolism after lower limb fracture surgery.Thrombosis journal · 2026Article
- A Comparative Study of Discrepancies between Global Burden of Disease Estimates and Published Literature on Spinal Cord Injury Incidence at the Country Level: Methodological Insights and Future Directions.Neuroepidemiology · 2026Article
- Demographic and Clinical Correlates of Quality of Life Domains in Spinal Cord Injury.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of early versus delayed surgery on 30-day outcomes in traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: a single-center propensity score-matched cohort study.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Cervical Collar in Adult Trauma: Evidence, Controversies, and Clinical Decision-Making.Orthopedic research and reviews · 2026Review
- [Underlying Mechanism of the circ_0011462/miRNA-1200/SP1 Axis in Regulating Inflammatory Response, Apoptosis, and Neural Regeneration in a Spinal Cord Injury Model].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: This review was designed to update our earlier systematic review which evaluated both published and unpublished evidence on the incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) worldwide. Methods: We used various search methods including strategic searching, reference checking, searching for grey literature, contacting registries, authors, and organizations requesting unpublished data, browsing related websites, and hand searching key journals. The quality of included studies was evaluated by Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Records published between April 2013 and May 2020 were added to the original systematic review. Results: Overall, 58 resources including 45 papers, 10 SCI registry reports, 1 book, and 2 theses were retrieved. We found TSCI incidence data for eight new countries, which overall shapes our knowledge of TSCI incidence for 49 countries. The incidence of TSCI ranges from 3.3 to 195.4 cases per million (cpm) based on subnational studies and from 5.1 to 150.48 cpm based on national studies. Most of the studies were low quality, lacked consistent case selection due to unclear definition of TSCI and unclear ascertainment methods. Conclusions: There is an increasing number of publications in the literature focusing on the epidemiologic data of TSCI. The absence of a standard form of reporting TSCI hinders the comparability of data across different data sources. Use of various definitions for TSCI may lead to heterogeneity in reports. Use of sensitivity analyses based on reasonable classification criteria can aid in offering a uniform set of case identification and ascertainment criteria for TSCI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.