ReviewGlobal challenges (Hoboken, NJ)2023
Challenges in Recycling Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Spotlight on Polyvinylidene Fluoride Removal.
Review in Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- A review of systematic environmental risks across the life cycle of lithium resources: Identification, assessment, and sustainable governance strategies.Fundamental research · 2026Review
- Effect of Impurities on Direct Recycling of Spent LiNiACS nano · 2026Article
- Pyrolyzed "Black Mass" Feedstocks and Their Synthetic Proxies Relevant to Li-Ion Battery Recycling.ACS omega · 2025Article
- From Present Innovations to Future Potential: The Promising Journey of Lithium-Ion Batteries.Micromachines · 2025Review
- Emerging Trends and Future Opportunities for Battery Recycling.ACS energy letters · 2025Review
- Towards Sustainable Direct Recycling: Unraveling Structural Degradation Induced by Thermal Pretreatment of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes.ChemSusChem · 2025Article
- PFAS-Free Energy Storage: Investigating Alternatives for Lithium-Ion Batteries.Environmental science & technology · 2024Review
- Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: From Theoretical Study to Production Practice.Nano-micro letters · 2024Review
- Spray Flame Synthesis and Multiscale Characterization of Carbon Black-Silica Hetero-Aggregates.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Challenges in Recycling Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Spotlight on Polyvinylidene Fluoride Removal.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the recycling of retired lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the cathode materials containing valuable metals should be first separated from the current collector aluminum foil to decrease the difficulty and complexity in the subsequent metal extraction. However, strong the binding force of organic binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) prevents effective separation of cathode materials and Al foil, thus affecting metal recycling. This paper reviews the composition, property, function, and binding mechanism of PVDF, and elaborates on the separation technologies of cathode material and Al foil (e.g., physical separation, solid-phase thermochemistry, solution chemistry, and solvent chemistry) as well as the corresponding reaction behavior and transformation mechanisms of PVDF. Due to the characteristic variation of the reaction systems, the dissolution, swelling, melting, and degradation processes and mechanisms of PVDF exhibit considerable differences, posing new challenges to efficient recycling of spent LIBs worldwide. It is critical to separate cathode materials and Al foil and recycle PVDF to reduce environmental risks from the recovery of retired LIBs resources. Developing fluorine-free alternative materials and solid-state electrolytes is a potential way to mitigate PVDF pollution in the recycling of spent LIBs in the EV era.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.