ArticleForensic chemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2023
Validated method for the analysis of 22 illicit drugs and their metabolites via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in illicit drug samples collected in Chicago, IL.
Article in Forensic chemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interpol review of forensic drug chemistry, 2022-2025.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026Review
- Street drug monitoring with networked spectrometers powered by machine learning: a pilot study in Ontario, Canada.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- High-dose buprenorphine inductions in hospital settings.American journal of medicine open · 2025Article
- Drug-Checking with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Addressing Xylazine-Contaminated Fentanyl.ACS sensors · 2025Article
- Terahertz Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory for Non-Destructive Analysis of Anticoagulant Warfarin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Fiber Laser-Generated Silver-109 Nanoparticles for Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Illicit Drugs.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2024Article
- SPE-UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis of Cocaine and Its Metabolites in Conventional and Alternative Biological Specimens: Application to Real Samples.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Enhancing drug checking services for supply monitoring: perspectives on implementation in syringe service programs in the USA.Harm reduction journal · 2024Review
- Assessment of two brands of fentanyl test strips with 251 synthetic opioids reveals "blind spots" in detection capabilities.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Prevalence of fentanyl in methamphetamine and cocaine samples collected by community-based drug checking services.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of 53 benzodiazepines in illicit drug samples.Forensic chemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Current attitudes toward drug checking services and a comparison of expected with actual drugs present in street drug samples collected from opioid users.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Feasibility study of using mobile phone-based experience sampling to assess drug checking by opioid street drug users.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2023Article
- Point-of-care community drug checking technologies: an insider look at the scientific principles and practical considerations.Harm reduction journal · 2023Review
- Feasibility Study of Using Mobile Phone-Based Experience Sampling to Assess Drug Checking by Opioid Street Drug Users.Research square · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Drug checking services are being utilized worldwide to provide people who use drugs information on the composition and contents of their drugs as a tool for harm reduction and accidental overdose prevention. Existing drug checking services use a variety of techniques including immunoassay strips and spectroscopic techniques like FTIR and Raman. Few services utilize LC-MS based methods for primary or secondary analysis and few methods exist for direct analysis of illicit drugs. To address this, an LC-MS/MS method was developed for 22 illicit drugs and cutting agents using LC-MS/MS with application to 124 illicit drug samples that were collected from Chicago, IL. Samples were also analyzed using fentanyl and benzodiazepine immunoassay test strips. Fentanyl test strips gave a positive result for 86% of samples with only one sample showing a positive result on a benzodiazepine test strip. LC-MS/MS analysis of samples show that opioids were the most commonly quantified in 96% of samples, followed by stimulants at 12% and benzodiazepines at 1%. Fentanyl was measured in 91% of samples, co-occurring with heroin in 58% of opioid-containing samples. A comparison of the gold-standard LC-MS/MS results to fentanyl test strips shows a high level of accuracy for the fentanyl test strips, with just 5% of samples being classified as false negatives and no false positives. These results demonstrate the strengths and benefits of LC-MS/MS when incorporated as a secondary analysis tool for drug checking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.