ArticleMicrosystems & nanoengineering2023
Self-synchronization of reinjected droplets for high-efficiency droplet pairing and merging.
Article in Microsystems & nanoengineering, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanoscale delivery systems for hepatocellular carcinoma: Functionalization, delivery strategies, and clinical challenges.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Droplet microfluidics for biomedical applications: emerging trends and future developments.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Review
- Single-Target Pairing System (StarPair) for Large-Scale Interrogation of Cell-Cell Interactions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Droplet-based single-cell pairing for high-throughput interaction mapping of antigen-receptor combinations.Science advances · 2025Article
- From specialization to broad adoption: Key trends in droplet microfluidic innovations enhancing accessibility to non-experts.Biomicrofluidics · 2025Article
- Hyperspectral Imaging for High Throughput Optical Spectroscopy of pL Droplets.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Microfluidics for the biological analysis of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles: Perspectives and challenges.Biomicrofluidics · 2025Review
- An Acoustofluidic Picoinjector.Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical · 2024Article
- Droplet Microfluidics for High-Throughput Screening and Directed Evolution of Biomolecules.Micromachines · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Droplet merging serves as a powerful tool to add reagents to moving droplets for biological and chemical reactions. However, unsynchronized droplet pairing impedes high-efficiency merging. Here, we develop a microfluidic design for the self-synchronization of reinjected droplets. A periodic increase in the hydrodynamic resistance caused by droplet blocking a T-junction enables automatic pairing of droplets. After inducing spacing, the paired droplets merge downstream under an electric field. The blockage-based design can achieve a 100% synchronization efficiency even when the mismatch rate of droplet frequencies reaches 10%. Over 98% of the droplets can still be synchronized at nonuniform droplet sizes and fluctuating reinjection flow rates. Moreover, the droplet pairing ratio can be adjusted flexibly for on-demand sample addition. Using this system, we merge two groups of droplets encapsulating enzyme/substrate, demonstrating its capacity to conduct multi-step reactions. We also combine droplet sorting and merging to coencapsulate single cells and single beads, providing a basis for high-efficiency single-cell sequencing. We expect that this system can be integrated with other droplet manipulation systems for a broad range of chemical and biological applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.